Valerio Tozzi, Pietro Balestra, Raffaella Libertone, et al
Cognitive function in treated HIV patients
Posttraumatic Growth in Young Adults Who Experienced Serious Childhood Illness: A Mixed-Methods Approach
Abstract
Sixty young adult survivors of a serious childhood illness completed quantitative and qualitative measures assessing the relationship
between specific disease and distress factors and posttraumatic growth (PTG). Individuals who had recovered from their illness
reported greater growth than those who were currently experiencing their illness. The regression model accounted for 47% of
the variance in PTG, with perceived severity, illness status, and posttraumatic stress symptoms emerging as significant predictors.
Qualitative analyses identified salient positive and negative factors associated with having had an illness, such as a positive
shift in perspective and frequent medical requirements. Being past the daily demands of illness management may allow for greater
PTG. Realization of positive aspects of having had an illness may require prompting.
between specific disease and distress factors and posttraumatic growth (PTG). Individuals who had recovered from their illness
reported greater growth than those who were currently experiencing their illness. The regression model accounted for 47% of
the variance in PTG, with perceived severity, illness status, and posttraumatic stress symptoms emerging as significant predictors.
Qualitative analyses identified salient positive and negative factors associated with having had an illness, such as a positive
shift in perspective and frequent medical requirements. Being past the daily demands of illness management may allow for greater
PTG. Realization of positive aspects of having had an illness may require prompting.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1007/s10880-010-9210-7
- Authors
- Katie A. Devine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
- Bonney Reed-Knight, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
- Kristin A. Loiselle, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
- Nicole Fenton, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
- Ronald L. Blount, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
- Journal Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings
- Online ISSN 1573-3572
- Print ISSN 1068-9583
Concerns About Exercise Are Related to Walk Test Results in Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Patients with COPD
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether negative affect and beliefs about exercise of patients with COPD would
be related to baseline 6-min walk (6-MW) test results in a pulmonary rehabilitation setting, after correction for physical
variables (sex, age, height, weight, and lung function). A second aim was to examine whether patients’ beliefs are associated
with treatment outcomes, as measured by an improvement in 6-MW distance.
be related to baseline 6-min walk (6-MW) test results in a pulmonary rehabilitation setting, after correction for physical
variables (sex, age, height, weight, and lung function). A second aim was to examine whether patients’ beliefs are associated
with treatment outcomes, as measured by an improvement in 6-MW distance.
Results
Baseline 6-MW distance was positively related to younger age, male gender, better pulmonary function, and having fewer concerns
about exercise. After rehabilitation, patients had increased their walk distance by 12% (32 m), on average. Baseline physiological
and psychological variables were unrelated to patients’ response to treatment (increase in walk distance). However, subgroup
analysis showed that for patients with mild to moderate airflow obstruction, concerns about exercise were negatively related
to response to treatment.
about exercise. After rehabilitation, patients had increased their walk distance by 12% (32 m), on average. Baseline physiological
and psychological variables were unrelated to patients’ response to treatment (increase in walk distance). However, subgroup
analysis showed that for patients with mild to moderate airflow obstruction, concerns about exercise were negatively related
to response to treatment.
Conclusion
We conclude that patients’ beliefs about the negative consequences of exercise are associated with baseline 6-MW test performance
and response to treatment for patients with mild to moderate COPD. We recommend that patients’ concerns about exercise are
discussed and, if necessary, corrected during the intake phase.
and response to treatment for patients with mild to moderate COPD. We recommend that patients’ concerns about exercise are
discussed and, if necessary, corrected during the intake phase.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1007/s12529-010-9130-9
- Authors
- Maarten J. Fischer, Medical Psychology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, the Netherlands
- Margreet Scharloo, Medical Psychology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, the Netherlands
- Jannie Abbink, Rijnlands Rehabilitation Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Alex van ’t Hul, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Rehabilitation Center Breda, Breda, the Netherlands
- Dirk van Ranst, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Rehabilitation Center Breda, Breda, the Netherlands
- Arjan Rudolphus, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- John Weinman, Health Psychology Section, Institute of Psychiatry, Thomas Guy House, London, UK
- Klaus F. Rabe, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
- Adrian A. Kaptein, Medical Psychology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, the Netherlands
- Journal International Journal of Behavioral Medicine
- Online ISSN 1532-7558
- Print ISSN 1070-5503
A Pilot Investigation of Cognitive Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Children Aged 7–17 Years
Abstract
The development of treatments based on cognitive models of worry has led to improved outcomes for adults with Generalized
Anxiety Disorder (GAD), and holds out the promise that similar improvements may be achieved for GAD further down the age range.
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of a GAD-specific, cognitive treatment in a sample of children and
adolescents with GAD. Sixteen youth (7–17 years of age) who were consecutive referrals to a specialty anxiety disorders clinic,
with a primary diagnosis of DSM-IV GAD, and who were not undergoing concurrent pharmacological treatment for anxiety were
provided 5 to 15 session (mean = 9.7) of cognitive therapy aimed at their tolerance for uncertainty, beliefs about worry,
negative problem orientation, and cognitive avoidance strategies. All participants who entered the study completed treatment
and 13 (81%) lost their GAD diagnosis (not blindly assessed); two were improved but still had GAD and one experienced no improvement
at all. Age, gender and number of sessions received were unrelated to diagnostic outcome but age was positively correlated
(r = 0.6, P < .01) with pre-to-post reductions in worry frequency. The uncontrolled effect size for self-reported worry was 2.0 and for
anxiety was 1.4. Further controlled evaluations of this cognitive treatment for GAD in children and adolescents are warranted.
Anxiety Disorder (GAD), and holds out the promise that similar improvements may be achieved for GAD further down the age range.
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of a GAD-specific, cognitive treatment in a sample of children and
adolescents with GAD. Sixteen youth (7–17 years of age) who were consecutive referrals to a specialty anxiety disorders clinic,
with a primary diagnosis of DSM-IV GAD, and who were not undergoing concurrent pharmacological treatment for anxiety were
provided 5 to 15 session (mean = 9.7) of cognitive therapy aimed at their tolerance for uncertainty, beliefs about worry,
negative problem orientation, and cognitive avoidance strategies. All participants who entered the study completed treatment
and 13 (81%) lost their GAD diagnosis (not blindly assessed); two were improved but still had GAD and one experienced no improvement
at all. Age, gender and number of sessions received were unrelated to diagnostic outcome but age was positively correlated
(r = 0.6, P < .01) with pre-to-post reductions in worry frequency. The uncontrolled effect size for self-reported worry was 2.0 and for
anxiety was 1.4. Further controlled evaluations of this cognitive treatment for GAD in children and adolescents are warranted.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1007/s10608-010-9341-z
- Authors
- Susanna Payne, Department of Psychology (PO77), King’s College London/Institute of Psychiatry, 16 DeCrespigny Park Road, London, SE5 8AF UK
- Derek Bolton, Department of Psychology (PO77), King’s College London/Institute of Psychiatry, 16 DeCrespigny Park Road, London, SE5 8AF UK
- Sean Perrin, Department of Psychology (PO77), King’s College London/Institute of Psychiatry, 16 DeCrespigny Park Road, London, SE5 8AF UK
- Journal Cognitive Therapy and Research
- Online ISSN 1573-2819
- Print ISSN 0147-5916
Risky Lifestyle as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Deviant Peer Affiliation and Dating Violence Victimization Among Adolescent Girls
Abstract
Few studies have explored the possible contribution of the peer group to dating violence victimization. The current study
tested the hypothesis that a risky lifestyle would mediate the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and dating violence
victimization among adolescent girls. The proposed mediation model was derived from lifestyles and routine activities theories.
A sample of 550 girls (mean age = 15) drawn from a larger representative community sample in Quebec, Canada, completed a questionnaire
on three forms of dating violence victimization (psychological, physical, and sexual). Results revealed that girls with a
higher level of affiliation with deviant peers were more likely to endorse a risky lifestyle and reported higher rates of
all forms of dating violence victimization. Further analyses showed that, while deviant peer affiliation is associated with
dating violence victimization, this relationship may be explained, at least partially for psychological violence, and completely
for physical/sexual violence, by the girls’ own risky lifestyle. Future preventive interventions for adolescent dating violence
victimization should target deviant peer groups, as well as adolescent girls who display a risky lifestyle.
tested the hypothesis that a risky lifestyle would mediate the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and dating violence
victimization among adolescent girls. The proposed mediation model was derived from lifestyles and routine activities theories.
A sample of 550 girls (mean age = 15) drawn from a larger representative community sample in Quebec, Canada, completed a questionnaire
on three forms of dating violence victimization (psychological, physical, and sexual). Results revealed that girls with a
higher level of affiliation with deviant peers were more likely to endorse a risky lifestyle and reported higher rates of
all forms of dating violence victimization. Further analyses showed that, while deviant peer affiliation is associated with
dating violence victimization, this relationship may be explained, at least partially for psychological violence, and completely
for physical/sexual violence, by the girls’ own risky lifestyle. Future preventive interventions for adolescent dating violence
victimization should target deviant peer groups, as well as adolescent girls who display a risky lifestyle.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1007/s10964-010-9602-x
- Authors
- Johanne Vézina, Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
- Martine Hébert, Département de Sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
- François Poulin, Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
- Francine Lavoie, École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada
- Frank Vitaro, Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
- Richard E. Tremblay, Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
- Journal Journal of Youth and Adolescence
- Online ISSN 1573-6601
- Print ISSN 0047-2891
Maternal Reports of Play Dates of Clinic Referred and Community Children
Abstract
Recent interventions have focused upon play dates as a means to improve friendships. However, no measures have been published
which quantify play date quality. An important characteristic of play dates in this regard may be the amount of conflict.
We present the development of such a measure. We compare maternal reports of play dates for 112 community subjects with 48
subjects referred for peer problems (mean age = 8.7 years). We found that clinic–referred subjects had significantly fewer
hosted and invited play dates than the community subjects. The mean conflict on play dates was significantly lower for the
community subjects than for the clinic-referred subjects. We obtained significant correlations between conflict on play dates
and measures of problem behaviors. Our results support the position that conflict on play dates is an important area to target
in social skills training programs. The scale may prove useful to clinicians and researchers by facilitating screening and
assessing interventions directed towards improving play dates.
which quantify play date quality. An important characteristic of play dates in this regard may be the amount of conflict.
We present the development of such a measure. We compare maternal reports of play dates for 112 community subjects with 48
subjects referred for peer problems (mean age = 8.7 years). We found that clinic–referred subjects had significantly fewer
hosted and invited play dates than the community subjects. The mean conflict on play dates was significantly lower for the
community subjects than for the clinic-referred subjects. We obtained significant correlations between conflict on play dates
and measures of problem behaviors. Our results support the position that conflict on play dates is an important area to target
in social skills training programs. The scale may prove useful to clinicians and researchers by facilitating screening and
assessing interventions directed towards improving play dates.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1007/s10826-010-9437-9
- Authors
- Fred Frankel, UCLA Semel Institute, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 1271, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jim Mintz, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX USA
- Journal Journal of Child and Family Studies
- Online ISSN 1573-2843
- Print ISSN 1062-1024