Health Psychology, Vol 43(7), Jul 2024, 488-499; doi:10.1037/hea0001370
Objective: Received social support undermining engagement in life activities of individuals with chronic pain (e.g., solicitousness, support for functional dependence) is consistently correlated with worse physical functioning, pain severity, and disability. Whether such responses lead to worse pain outcomes (operant model of pain) or the latter lead to more supportive responses undermining activity engagement (social communication and empathy models of pain) is unknown, given the lack of cross-lagged panel studies. Furthermore, the mediating role of activity patterns in such relationships over time is entirely unclear. This study aimed to bridge these gaps. Method: This was a 3-month prospective study with three waves of data collection (T1–T3; 6-week lag in-between), including 130 older adults (71% women; Mage = 78.26) with musculoskeletal chronic pain attending day-care centers. At every time point, participants filled out self-report measures of staff social support for functional dependence, activity patterns, physical functioning, pain severity, and interference. Scales showed good/very good test–retest reliability (ICC = .74–.96) and internal consistency (all α > .90). Results: Parsimonious cross-lagged panel mediation models showed the best fit (χ²/df .96; GFI >.93; RMSEA