Infographics (3,527 posts)

The diagnosis of depression involves three components: (1) eliciting the symptoms that form a depressive episode; (2) determining their severity and the functional impairment that they cause; and (3) mapping their longitudinal course over the duration of an episode, as well as the illness as a whole. Depressive episodes usually last several weeks and can last several months if untreated. After remission, symptoms can re-emerge (relapse) before functional recovery and even then, further long-term episodes of depression (recurrence) remain likely. Scores and categories drawn from UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.25 PHQ-9=Patient Health Questionnaire-9. *Hopelessness is only specified in ICD-11 and not in DSM-5-TR.

Figure 1.Forms of agency exercised in poverty (Lister 2021: 129). The figure presents a four-quadrant model by Ruth Lister (2021) illustrating the forms of agency exercised in poverty. Agency is divided horizontally between Personal—Political and vertically between Everyday—Strategic, which creates four quadrants of agency. Top left quadrant (Everyday—Personal) is ‘Getting by’, top right quadrant (Everyday—Political) is ‘Getting back (at)’, bottom left quadrant (Strategic—Personal) is ‘Getting out’ and bottom right quadrant (Strategic—Political) is ‘Getting organised’.

Annual statistics for England on serious incidents that involve death or serious harm to a child due to abuse or neglect, and any death of a lookedafter child.

In B.C., birth alerts happened between 1980 and 2019. Child welfare workers with the Ministry of Children and Family Development, or a delegated Indigenous agency, reached out to hospitals ahead of a pregnant person giving birth, flagging the child as potentially needing protection after delivery. Many infants, especially Indigenous infants, were apprehended from their parents shortly after being born because of this practice. In many instances the parents were never told they were subject to a birth alert.

Data presented is for the median public, four-year institution for each type of degree-granting status.