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Scientific History and Experimental History
The promise of scientific history and scientifically informed history is more modest today than it was in the nineteenth century, when a number of intellectuals hoped to transform history into a scientific mode of inquiry that would unite the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, and reveal profound truths about human nature and destiny.
What really happened to the 1960s: how mass media culture failed American democracy
On the Roman father’s right to kill his adulterous daughter
The second chapter of Augustus’ lex Iulia de adulteriis coercendis entitles the Roman father – under specific, narrowly defined circumstances – to kill his adulterous daughter and her lover. This paper focuses on three aspects.
Crime and Punishment in Ottoman Times: Corruption and Fines
<br.Ruling for more than six centuries over lands that spanned three continents, the Ottomans developed a system of law enforcement that initially relied on fines collected by local agents. In the sixteenth century, much of the revenue from these fines went to the local officials in charge of identifying suspects and punishing criminals.
Patient care by VA psychologists in the 1950s and 1960s
In 1946, the Veterans Administration, now the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), underwent extensive organizational and professional changes to accommodate the health care needs of veterans returning from World War Two.
Are Aging Baby Boomers Squeezing Young Workers Out of Jobs?
As life expectancy increases and the retirement in-come system contracts, households face an enormous challenge in ensuring a secure retirement. Working longer is often hailed as the best way to increase re-tirement incomes. But some suggest that more work by older persons reduces the job opportunities for younger persons.
Psychologists attending the eighth International Congress of Psychology (ICP)
archives.bps.org.uk | N.V.Int.Persefoto Bureau, Amsterdam P.H.Kade
University of Groningen, Netherlands 1926
Normalizing the Supernormal: The Formation of the Gesellschaft Fr Psychologische Forschung (Society for Psychological Research), c. 1886–1890
This paper traces the formation of the German “Gesellschaft für psychologische Forschung” (“Society for Psychological Research”), whose constitutive branches in Munich and Berlin were originally founded as inlets for alternatives to Wundtian experimental psychology from France and England, that is, experimental researches into hypnotism and alleged supernormal phenomena.
British Educational Psychology: The First Hundred Years
History of Psychology Centre
In 1913 the first applied psychologist took up his post with the London County Council. His job was to assess children for special educational programmes and develop tools to identify children who may need alternative kinds of education. With this post, the profession of educational psychology was born. The numbers of educational psychologists have steadily grown over the subsequent hundred years and the practices, roles and functions that they adopt have similarly developed.
Skivers versus strivers: The roots of the welfare state
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Lloyd George and Winston Churchill, 1915
Rethinking the American anti-war movement
The real things: photographing scenes of the 1960s
Ontario Government Funding and Supervision of Infants’ Homes 1875-1893
Prior to 1893, the Ontario government did not accept direct responsibility for the care of neglected and dependent infants. However, charitable infants’ homes received government grants for the infants and for their nursing mothers, and from 1874 were inspected annually or twice annually.
Plans to end the Great Depression from the American public
Thousands of letters proposing economic recovery plans were written by workers and by the public in general to the Roosevelt administration. A survey of the recovery plan letters indicates that almost all of the letters make sense from an economic point of view and that a large proportion made suggestions that had the possibility of having a positive effect on economic recovery.
Talkin’ Bout My Generation’: Political Orientations and Activities of a Cohort of Canadian University Students in the Mid-Sixties
While Canadian scholars have documented some of the beliefs and behaviours of student activists in the 1960s, little has been said of the ‘average’ Canadian university student.
Democratizing mental health: Motherhood, therapeutic community and the emergence of the psychiatric family at the Cassel Hospital in post-Second World War Britain
Shortly following the Second World War, and under the medical direction of ex-army psychiatrist T. F. Main, the Cassel Hospital for Functional Nervous Disorders emerged as a pioneering democratic ‘therapeutic community’ in the treatment of mental illness. This definitive movement away from conventional ‘custodial’ assumptions about the function of the psychiatric hospital initially grew out of a commitment to sharing therapeutic responsibility between patients and staff and to preserving patients’ pre-admission responsibilities and social identities.
Dedicated followers of fashion: peacock fashion and the roots of the new American man, 1960–70
This article explores the peacock look in men’s fashion in the second half of the 1960s and the ways the style helped to reinvent the identities of white, middle-class, middle-age men.
Shutting down ‘Big Brown’: Reassessing the 1997 UPS strike and the fate of American labor
In the summer of 1997, organized labor won a major strike against United Parcel Service. Staying out for just over two weeks, more than 185,000 members of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT) crippled UPS’s operations, securing pay increases and more full-time positions as a result. At the time, observers widely predicted that the strike would lead to a revival of organized labor’s fortunes, especially as it showed that American unions could still win public support.
Still Connected: Family and Friends in America since 1970
Commentators on American culture have always been struck by the thinness of the country’s social fabric. Tocqueville saw the young republic as a nation of strangers. Critics since have almost all feared for—or gloried in—the fragility of the bonds that have held us to one another.
Quilts: Moral Economies and Matrilineages
Glasgow’s ‘sick society’?: James Halliday, psychosocial medicine and medical holism in Britain c.1920–48
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James Lorimer Halliday (1897–1983) pioneered the development of the concept of psychosocial medicine in Britain in the 1930s and 1940s. He worked in Glasgow, first as a public health doctor, and then as part of the corporatist National Health Insurance scheme.
Children and Agency: Religion as Socialisation in Late Antiquity and the Late Medieval West
The aim of the paper is to present a new approach to the study of pre-modern children and childhood. By exploiting concepts of modern childhood studies, particularly socialisation and agency, we intend to shift the focus from ‘childhood’ and parental attitudes to children’s own experience and action.
Inflation and Marriage in Israel
At the end of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s, inflation in Israel exceeded 100 percent. Using the twenty percent samples of the 1972, 1983, 1995, and 2008 Israeli Census, we show that inflation had a substantial negative effect on the decision to marry.
Backing Dr King: the financial transformation of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1963
This article details how the fund-raising efforts of Martin Luther King’s Southern Christian Leadership Conference in the wake of the 1963 Birmingham protests transformed the finances of the SCLC. Having struggled to sustain itself prior to 1963, the SCLC experienced a massive influx of donations.
Secret suffering: the victims of compulsory sterilization during National Socialism
From the second half of the 19th century, eugenics claimed the medical and social need to intervene in human reproduction. During National Socialism, 300,000–400,000 people in Germany were subjected to compulsory sterilization because they had psychological diseases, impairments and social behavioural problems, which were regarded as genetically determined.
The Death of Frank Wilson: Race, Crime, and Punishment in Post-Civil War Pennsylvania
Liberals in space: the 1960s politics of Star Trek
Among television programs of the late 1960s Star Trek was somewhat anomalous in tackling philosophical and political themes, and in doing so in a consistently liberal voice. Its statements, however, reveal not only the highest aspirations of the period’s liberal project, but also the limitations and unresolved tensions of that approach.
Promiscuous Intimacies: Rethinking the History of American Casual Sex
Casual sex has become a cultural commonplace since it was named in the 1960s and later became associated with the US college sex phenomenon of “hooking up”.
Victorian Women, Unwed Mothers and the London Foundling Hospital
The invention of the psychosocial: An introduction
Although the compound adjective ‘psychosocial’ was first used by academic psychologists in the 1890s, it was only in the interwar period that psychiatrists, psychologists and social workers began to develop detailed models of the psychosocial domain. These models marked a significant departure from earlier ideas of the relationship between society and human nature.
The History of the Fabian Society (1916)
Designating Dependency: The Socially Inadequate in the United States, 1910–1940
This article examines the use of “socially inadequate” as a label for the dependent poor in the United States, 1910–40. It analyses the dense meanings that were given to this term and the political significance that the label “socially inadequate” gained in relation to sterilization and immigration policy.
The Plight of Gay Visibility: Intolerance in San Francisco, 1970–1979
During the 1970s, San Francisco was often characterized as the “Gay Mecca” of the United States. While it’s true that San Francisco was more supportive of the gay community during this period, this depiction often dismisses the problematic side of the increasing visibility of homosexuals.
Between Class War on All Fronts and Anti-Political Autonomy: The Contested Place of Politics in the Working-Class Movements of Leipzig and Lyon during the Inter-War Years
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This article investigates the contested boundaries of the political within the working-class movements in Leipzig and Lyon at the end of the Weimar Republic and during the Popular Front. What the appropriate issues and places of politics should be was a question that was highly contested among the organisations of the local working-class movements in both cities.
Nomads of the Depression
LoC Prints and Photographs Division | Bloomberg
This refugee family lost its home in 1932, joining the millions of Americans displaced by the Great Depression.
Not your average fraternal organization: the IBPOEW and labor activism, 1935–1950
In writing about working-class activism, scholars frequently study labor organizations and workplaces from which African Americans have been mostly excluded. Consequently, the uniqueness of black labor activism is not captured and is often misinterpreted. This article posits that black fraternal organizations, specifically the Improved, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of the World (IBPOEW), offer an alternative site for studying black workers and their struggles for employment during the 1930s and 1940s.
Oor Mad History: A Community History of the Lothian Mental Health Service Users Movement
This is a book of many voices, all of them telling an important story – the history of ‘the Lothian mental health users movement’ from the vantage point of the ‘users’. The speakers and authors stand in an important tradition – one dedicated to emancipation.
Transnational Psychiatries: Social and Cultural Histories of Psychiatry in Comparative Perspective c. 1800-2000
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The research programme sketched out in the introduction of Transnational Psychiatries is important and timely. Too often, the editors claim, histories of psychiatry (and histories of medicine in general) have limited their scope to specific national contexts, despite the fact that physicians have always built and maintained international networks through which information, theories, practices and technologies have been disseminated.
Hillbilly nationalists, urban race rebels and black power: community organizing in radical times
Americanism and anti-communism: the UAW and repressive liberalism before the red scare
The relationship between Communism and Americanism during the Popular Front period is now largely perceived as a positive one. By promoting the idea that Communism was an extension of specifically American political traditions, the argument runs, Communists were able to advance their participation in the unions and in a left-oriented cultural-political alliance with broad popular appeal. Against this perspective, this article . . .
The toxic oil syndrome as a catalyst to psychiatric reform in Spain (1981-85)
In 1981 Spain had an outbreak of a previously unknown disease. It became known as ‘toxic oil syndrome’ and it not only caused many deaths but also involved an alarming range of symptoms, with many patients suffering from mental problems, which left many of the victims disabled.
Archive for the history of psychology in Spain
Racial experiments in psychiatry’s provinces: Richard S Lyman and his colleagues in China and the American South, 1932-51
The worldwide expansion of psychiatry as a science at times followed pathways already laid by Christian medical missions to cultures seen as disadvantaged by sponsors. Interracial contacts were one outcome, and racial issues gained visibility in psychiatric inquiry and treatment.
‘Irresistible impulse’: historicizing a judicial innovation in Australian insanity jurisprudence
In twentieth-century Australian criminal law a distinctive departure from the M’Naghten Rules developed as a critique of the discourse of reasoning and verdicts applying in the relevant English trials from the 1880s.
Hebephrenia: a conceptual history
This paper traces the conceptual history of hebephrenia from the late nineteenth century until it became firmly embedded into modern psychiatric classification systems. During this examination of the origins and the historical context of hebephrenia it will be demonstrated how it became inextricably linked with twentieth-century notions of schizophrenia.
Colombian approaches to psychology in the 19th century
Colombian intellectuals of the 19th century widely consulted scientific psychology in regard to their political, religious, and educational interests. Colombian independence from Spain (1810) introduced the necessity of transforming the former subjects into illustrious citizens and members of a modern state.
Wilbur J. Cohen | Government Official, Educator, Social Welfare Expertt
Gender contracts in Estonian coastal farming families, 1870–1939
This paper deals with families that lived on the North West coast of Estonia from 1870 to 1939. This period involved a successive transition to a monetary economy for the family farmer and an increasing need for cash to be able to pay rents and debts arising from land purchases. A farm perspective is used to show the complexity of effects of societal changes on the gender division of labour.
Microcosms of Migration: Children and Early Medieval Population Movement
This paper discusses the participation of children in migration during the Viking Age. While the written evidence is limited, it, nonetheless, reveals the presence of children alongside the viking armies and their involvement in the acculturation process, especially older children.