The XXIInd International Congress of Psychology (ICP) in Leipzig in 1980 is a case that illustrates the mutual relationship between science and politics, specifically of the role of science in a communist state.
Condom Nation: The U.S. Government’s Sex Education Campaign From World War I to the Internet
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Negotiating Ethnicity, Class and Gender: German Associational Culture in Glasgow, 1864–1914
One feature of nineteenth-century German migrant communities was a dense network of religious and secular ethnic institutions in virtually all destination countries. The article is a microhistorical study of a representative German community in Britain.
Parenthood, child-rearing and fertility in England, 1850–1914
Fertility declines across Europe and the Anglo-world have been explained as the result of reversals of intergenerational flows of wealth. According to this theory, the child was transformed from an economically-useful household asset to an emotionally-valued parental burden.
Headship, Household Burden, and Infant Mortality in Taipei (1906-1944)
The purpose of this article is to explore the connection between household composition and infant mortality in the first half of the twentieth century in Taiwan.
From Galaxies to Universe: A Cross-Disciplinary Review and Analysis of Public Values Publications From 1969 to 2012
The study of public values (PVs) is generating growing interest in public administration and public management, yet many challenges and unanswered questions remain. For the study of PVs to progress, we need to go beyond the traditional boundaries of public administration and management, to explore how and why scholars in different disciplines use the concept, and how and where approaches to the concept differ and overlap.
The fascination with eros: The role of passionate interests under communism
German towns at the eve of industrialization: household formation and the part of the elderly
This study shows that in pre-industrial towns life-courses were already different from those in the countryside, and that elderly rather lived without kin. These findings are further detailed, and the gender-specific impacts of the urban and rural, pre-industrial and industrial urban environments are discussed.
People and the car: the expansion of automobility in urban Britain, c.1955–70
This day in Jewish history / KKK kills three activists during Freedom Summer
Haaretz | Wikimedia Commons
FBI poster seeking information after the disappearance of Goodman, Chaney and Schwerner. Schwerner, the oldest of the three victims, had grown up in a middle-class Jewish family in Pelham, New York. At the time of his murder, he was a graduate student in social work at Columbia University.
“Light from the East”: travel to China and Australian activism in the “long Sixties”
Throughout the “long Sixties” a diverse array of Australian activists traveled beyond what was popularly known as the “bamboo curtain” into the People’s Republic of China (PRC). This paper will argue that they found not the monolithic “red menace” presented by media and government, but an often contradictory set of images mediated by their own political agendas and the changing nature of Chinese politics.
Robert Moses and the Visual Dimension of Physical Disorder: Efforts to Demonstrate Urban Blight in the Age of Slum Clearance
In the 1950s, the Committee on Slum Clearance of the City of New York, headed by Robert Moses, published twenty-six site-specific slum clearance brochures. A major portion of each one of these brochures attempted to demonstrate the blighted conditions that prevailed in the area to be redeveloped.
Mapping the Boston Poor: Inmates of the Boston Almshouse, 1795–1801
Documentary and geographical evidence about Boston from 1795 to 1801 reveals distinct patterns in poor people’s use of the Boston Almshouse and in their areas of residence within the city. A much higher percentage of Almshouse inmates came from Boston’s densely populated North End than from less urban areas with lower population densities.
A ‘German world’ shared among doctors: a history of the relationship between Japanese and German psychiatry before World War II
This article deals with the critical history of German and Japanese psychiatrists who dreamed of a ‘German world’ that would cross borders. It analyses their discourse, not only by looking at their biographical backgrounds, but also by examining them in a wider context linked to German academic predominance and cultural propaganda before World War II.
Moving beyond the critical synthesis: does the law preclude a future for US unions?
This retrospective essay on Tomlins’ The State and Unions assesses the durability of his observations in light of developments over the past quarter century. The decline of unions in the context of minimal protections offered under contemporary labor law seems to fit Tomlins’ thesis that the New Deal offered only a counterfeit liberty to labor.
Marital cruelty: reconsidering lay attitudes in England, c. 1580 to 1850
The mid-eighteenth century is seen as a turning point after which English legal and lay attitudes to cruelty expanded from life-threatening violence to include a wider range of behaviours.
Wendy D. Churchill, Female Patients in Early Modern Britain: Gender, Diagnosis, and Treatment
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Wendy Churchill’s impressive new book, Female Patients in Early Modern Britain: Gender, Diagnosis, and Treatment, joins this resurgence. The first ‘comprehensive study of female illness and treatment in early modern Britain’, it analyses an unprecedented number of medical casebooks, observations and letters, to ‘reveal how sex and gender influenced medical diagnosis and treatment for female patients during this pivotal period in British medicine’ (p. 14), 1590 to 1740.
Photographs from the Records of the National Woman’s Party
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Mrs. Rheta Childe Dorr of New York is one of the prominent members of the Advisory Council of the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage. Mrs. Dorr is a well known writer and speaker. She is the author of “What 8,000,000 Women Want” and was formerly editor of The Suffragist, the official organ of the Congressional Union.
They Say Bad Things Come in Threes: How Economic, Political and Cultural Shifts Facilitated Contemporary Anti-Immigration Activism in the United States
This paper, first, provides an analysis of contemporary anti-immigration activism in the United States, situating it historically and theoretically through an examination of nativism and vigilantism.
The ‘Sheffield Outrages’: violence, class and trade unionism, 1850–70
Contributions of Hebb and Vygotsky to an Integrated Science of Mind
Hebb and Vygotsky are two of the most influential figures of psychology in the first half of the twentieth century. They represent cultural and biological approaches to explaining human development, and thus a number of their ideas remain relevant to current psychology and cognitive neuroscience. In this article, we examine similarities and differences between these two important figures, exploring possibilities for a theoretical synthesis between their two literatures, which have had little contact with each other.
Sex, illegitimacy and social change in industrializing Britain
Violence or justice? Gender-specific structures and strategies in early modern Europe
This article aims at getting a deeper understanding of gender-specific justification of violence in early modern legal discourse and practice. The analysis focuses on structures and strategies concerning women’s supposed misconduct, disobedience and sexually suspicious acts, and violence related to this.
The Uses and Abuses of Public Space: Urban Governance, Social Ordering and Resistance, Avenham Park, Preston, c. 1850–1901
This article contributes to scholarship on liberal governance during the nineteenth century through the much-neglected area of the public park.
“Silent sentinel” Alison T. Hopkins at the White House gates on New Jersey Day
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January 30, 1917
Dangerous, divine, and marvelous? The legacy of the 1960s in the political cinema of Europe and Brazil
The experience of the 1960s had a profound influence on both politicized cinema and on the critical discourse surrounding it. This article explores that influence and its subsequent legacy in the comparative contexts of Brazil and Europe. In Europe the most striking developments were to be seen in France after 1968, most particularly in the “revolutionary cinema” of Jean-Luc Godard during his involvement with the Dziga-Vertov Group.
Bad Souls: Madness and Responsibility in Modern Greece
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Psychiatric settings have frequently provided ideal observation sites for anthropologists studying expressions of distress in relation to cultural, social and political transformations. Often the focus has been on culture-specific symptoms and diagnoses and the ways that western psychiatric systems are indigenised to non-western countries. This particular study, however, achieves more: it provides captivating and occasionally upsetting views of life and the self in the north-eastern part of Greece.
From Community Control to Professionalism: Social Housing in Berkeley, California, 1976-2011
Nearly forty years ago, the City of Berkeley’s progressive activists and elected officials began an effort to use city government to develop democratic, community-controlled housing that would not be subject to the market and would assist in building a movement for social justice.
‘Constable dances with instructress’: the police and the Queen of Nightclubs in inter-war London
The Semantics of Pain in Greco-Roman Antiquity
The semantics of pain are an important and interesting aspect of any language. Ancient Greek and Latin had multiple words for pain, which makes scrutinizing different meanings problematic.
The Making of Marriage in Medieval France
Using as a case study the scandalous marriage of a twelfth-century abbess, this article will demonstrate the flaws in Duby’s argument, and also we can learn about medieval marriage, and medieval society more broadly, by applying this new approach.
International Relations in Psychiatry Britain, Germany, and the United States to World War II
The decades around 1900 were crucial in the evolution of modern medical and social sciences, and in the formation of various national health services systems. The modern fields of psychiatry and mental health care are located at the intersection of these spheres. There emerged concepts, practices, and institutions that marked responses to challenges posed by urbanization, industrialization, and the formation of the nation-state. These psychiatric responses were locally distinctive, and yet at the same time established influential models with an international impact. In spite of rising nationalism in Europe, the intellectual, institutional, and material resources that emerged in the various local and national contexts were rapidly observed to have had an impact beyond any national boundaries. In numerous ways, innovations were adopted and refashioned for the needs and purposes of new national and local systems.
Opium: Reality’s Dark Dream
Opium is one of the most useful and complex drugs in medical history. Made from the juice of the unripe seed capsule of the opium poppy, it contains several valuable alkaloids. Three of these, morphine, codeine, and thebaine—the last when processed into semisynthetic opioids like oxycodone—have potent analgesic effects.
French Neuropsychiatry in the Great War: Between Moral Support and Electricity
In World War I, an unprecedented number of soldiers were suffering from nervous disturbances, known as war psychoneuroses. Mechanisms of commotion, emotion, and suggestion were defined in order to explain these disturbances.
Absolute divorce in Argentina, 1954–1956. Debates and practices regarding a short-lived law
This article examines the formulation, application, and effects of Article 31 of Law 14.394, which introduced absolute divorce into Argentina, albeit briefly: the law was passed in December 1954 and ‘suspended’ in March 1956.
The vocabulary of anglophone psychology in the context of other subjects.
Anglophone psychology shares its vocabulary with several other subjects. Some of the more obvious subjects that have parts of their vocabulary in common with Anglophone psychology include biology (e.g., dominance), chemistry (e.g., isomorphism), philosophy (e.g., phenomenology), and theology (e.g., mediator).
Worms as a Hook for Colonising Puerto Rico
The paper argues that medical colonisation altered social stratification on the island and participated in making Puerto Rico ‘safe’ for colonial capital.
Mirror Therapy for Facial Paralysis in Traditional South Asian Islamic Medicine
Mirror therapy has stimulated a dynamic clinical and research agenda for the treatment of poststroke hemiparesis and phantom pain.
Making Knowledge for International Policy: WHO Europe and Mental Health Policy, 1970-2008
This paper tells a rather more complex story. Looking in detail at the efforts of the WHO European Regional Office, since the 1970s, to reform mental health policy across the region, it shows that the organisation’s main policy successes in this field were achieved, not by circulating standardised data or policies, but by creating opportunities to share holistic, experience-based and context-sensitive knowledge of instances of best practice.
A Tricky Object to Classify: Evidence, Postpartum Depression and the DSM-IV
The concept of evidence has become central in Western healthcare systems; however, few investigations have studied how the shift toward specific definitions of evidence actually occurred in practice. This paper examines a historical case in psychiatry where the debate about how to define evidence was of central importance to nosological decision making.
Ireland and the Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Act of 1857
This article examines the reasons for and impact of Ireland’s exclusion from the Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Act of 1857.
Village Improvement and the Development of Small Town America, 1853-1893
This article presents a detailed historical account of the Laurel Hill Association in Stockbridge, MA, and an overview of the scope of improvement theory and practice at the national level between 1853 and 1893, the period of village improvement’s greatest impact on the development of small town America.
Inherited dimensions of infant mortality. Detecting signs of disproportionate mortality risks in successive generations
In an effort to unravel the diffusion and mechanisms of long-term fertility change, there is a growing body of literature on the intergenerational transmission of reproductive behavior.
The State, the Unions, and the critical synthesis in labor law history: a 25-year retrospect
Public Debt in the Papal States, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Century
A long-term analysis of the organization and administration of the Roman public debt, as well as the people involved in it, reveals that the central government of the Papal States established a stable financial system earlier than traditionally supposed and that, unlike that of other European states, it often used the capital raised from bond issues for charitable and productive purposes.
Dictating the Suitable Way of Life: Mental Hygiene for Children and Workers in Socialist Mexico, 1934–1940
Globalized Hopes and Disillusions
In contrast to the common tendency to see war as the result of leadership decisions based on risk assessments, and political and economic considerations about gains or losses, we use a constructivist and institutional perspective to historicize and politicize the way “nation-state interests” and “nation-state preferences” even in a decision to go to war are socially constructed and culturally embedded.
‘Go and see Nell; She’ll put you right’: The Wisewoman and Working-Class Health Care in Early Twentieth-century Lancashire
This case study is used as a way to engage with a larger theme in the history of medicine, namely, the tension between orthodox biomedical science and more traditional and alternative approaches to health care. T
Beyond the Schools of Psychology 1: A Digital Analysis of Psychological Review, 1894–1903
Traditionally, American psychology at the turn of the twentieth century has been framed as a competition among a number of “schools”: structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, etc. But this is only one way in which the “structure” of the discipline can be conceived.
Abandoned and illegitimate, a double mortality penalty? Mortality of illegitimate infants in the foundling hospital of Madrid, La Inclusa (1890–1935)
This paper examines the existence of a mortality penalty for illegitimate abandoned infants in the Foundling Hospital of Madrid, La Inclusa, during the period 1890–1935, in the context of the mortality experience of the city.