Can China’s Rural Elderly Count on Support from Adult Children? Implications of Rural-to-Urban Migration

This paper shows that the family continues to be an important source of support for the rural elderly, particularly the rural
elderly over 70 years of age. Decline in likelihood of co-residence with, or in close proximity to, adult children raises
the possibility that China’s rural elderly will receive less support in the forms of both income and in-kind instrumental
care. While descriptive evidence on net-financial transfers suggests that elderly with migrant children will receive similar
levels of financial transfers as those without migrant children, the predicted variance associated with these transfers implies
a higher risk that elderly who have migrant children could fall into poverty. Reducing the risk of low incomes among the elderly
is one important motive for new rural pension initiatives supported by China’s government, which are scheduled to be expanded
to cover all rural counties by the end of the 12th Five Year Plan in 2016.