“Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn” [Laurence Binyon (1869–1943), English poet and dramatist]. The world population is expanding and aging. According to the United Nations the world population is projected to exceed 9 billion people by 2050 and 10 billion in 2100 . The population aged 60 or over is growing in both more developed regions and the developing world. It is currently growing at a rate of 2.4% per year in developed countries and it is expected to increase from 274 million in 2011 to 418 million in 2050 and to 433 million in 2100. In the developing world the rate of increase is greater than 3% per year with a projected rise from 510 million in 2011 to 1.6 billion in 2050 and to 2.4 billion in 2100. The long-term complications of aging present an enormous problem in terms of morbidity, mortality and economic burden. The aim of this Special Issue in both Maturitas and Nanomedicine: NBM is to provide some insight as how nanotechnology can be harnessed deal with common issues.