Organizational research has seen several calls for the incorporation of neuroscience techniques. The aim of this article is to describe the methods of neuroeconomics and the promises of applying these methods to organizational research problems. To this end, the most important neuroeconomics techniques will be described, along with four specific examples of how these methods can greatly benefit theory development, testing, and pruning in the organizational sciences. The article concludes by contrasting the benefits and limitations of neuroeconomics and by discussing implications for future research.