Are UNDP Indices Appropriate to Capture Gender Inequalities in Europe?

This study critically investigates the suitability of United Nations’ composite indices and other related measures—among which
the Gender Inequality Index just released in 2010—to capture gender inequalities in the context of “highly developed” countries,
focusing on the case of Europe. Our results indicate that many of the gender gaps in health and education variables have either
vanished or even reversed, thus questioning their appropriateness to capture women’s disadvantage in Europe and inviting to
construct region-specific measures. Alternatively, parliamentary representation and labor force participation are variables
with large gender gaps that highlight important dimensions where women disadvantage prevails. Different cross-section and
cross-time associations between economic growth and gender equality are generally not statistically significant—or at most
weakly correlated—at European level. This is basically due to the fact that the gender gaps included in UNDP gender-related
indices reached their normatively desirable values long ago, therefore leaving no room for further improvement.