Supervising Integrative Psychotherapy in the 21st Century: Pressing Needs, Impressing Possibilities

Supervisors and teachers who are interested in advancing integrative psychotherapy in the 21st century have the dual task
of surveying the range of treatment approaches that have been developed and distilling these approaches down to a manageable number of influences that have been found to have the greatest impact on clinical practice
over time. It has been proposed that there are four bona fide schools of psychotherapy that would be most useful for comprehensive training and supervision that would contribute to either
(a) case conceptualization or (b) the process of clinical interviewing: psychodynamic psychotherapy; cognitive-behavioral
psychotherapy; family systems therapy; and, humanistic/client-centered therapy. The goal for such broadly based clinical instruction
would be for students, trainees, and interns to have an ability to provide a multi-level case conceptualization for any of
the psychotherapy cases for which they are providing treatment. Thorough instruction in clinical reasoning and decision-making
in this type of multi-level case formulation can provide some of the most valuable tools for novice and experienced clinicians
alike.