Distinguishing Two Meanings of Moral Exclusion: Exclusion from Moral Principles or Principled Harm-Doing?

The concept of “moral exclusion” has often been used to understand harm-doing. The present studies examined two, distinct
meanings that have been ascribed to this concept. First, exclusion has sometimes been conceptualized as the belief that moral
principles do not apply to a target person or group (e.g., exclusion from the application of justice principles). Second,
the term has been used to refer to exclusion from positive treatment that is accorded to others, which the actors believe
to be morally justified, though outside observers do not. Distinguishing between these two meanings can clarify the mechanisms
underlying the relation between proposed antecedents to exclusion and harm-doing. In two experiments, we obtained evidence
compatible with each of these conceptualizations of exclusion, as well as preliminary evidence that certain antecedents are
more likely to lead to processes indicative of one or the other conceptualization. Our findings have practical implications
for the reduction of harm-doing as well as for conflict that might arise in such attempts.