Social and Cultural Factors Associated with Perinatal Grief in Chhattisgarh, India

Stillbirth is a globally significant public health problem with many medical causes. There are also indirect causal pathways
including social and cultural factors which are particularly salient in India’s traditional society. The purpose of this study
was to explore women’s perceptions of stillbirth and to determine how issues of gender and power, social support, coping efforts,
and religious beliefs influence perinatal grief outcomes among poor women in rural Chhattisgarh, India. Structured interviews
were done face-to-face in 21 randomly selected villages among women of reproductive age (N = 355) who had experienced stillbirth (n = 178) and compared to those who had not (n = 177), in the Christian Hospital, Mungeli catchment area. Perinatal grief was significantly higher among women with a history
of stillbirth. Greater perinatal grief was associated with lack of support, maternal agreement with social norms, and younger
maternal age. These predictors must be understood in light of an additional finding—distorted sex ratios, which reflect gender
discrimination in the context of Indian society. The findings of this study will allow the development of a culturally appropriate
health education program which should be designed to increase social support and address social norms, thereby reducing psychological
distress to prevent complicated perinatal grief. Perinatal grief is a significant social burden which impacts the health women.