Negative symptoms contribute to poor function and quality of life in many people with schizophrenia. These symptoms often improve when there is improvement in positive psychotic symptoms—hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thought and behavior—demonstrating that negative symptoms can be secondary to other clinical problems. To give an example, a person with schizophrenia might have the negative symptom of asocial behavior because of depression, anxiety, or overwhelming suspiciousness. However, a lack of interest in relationships is also found in people with schizophrenia who do not have these other symptoms, suggesting some negative symptoms are idiopathic or primary. People with primary negative symptoms (PNS) have poorer function than do others with schizophrenia, and this difference cannot be accounted for by differences in demographics, treatment, drug abuse, depression, or a greater severity of positive psychotic symptoms.1–3 Psychosocial treatments as well as antipsychotic, antidepressant, and anti-anxiety medications all may treat secondary negative symptoms. However, there are no established treatments for PNS.