ABSTRACT
Objective
Personality and cognitive abilities have been previously linked. However, there are inconsistencies regarding whether this relationship varies as a function of age, and a lack of evidence on whether gender contributes to this relation, particularly across the adulthood. Therefore, this study investigated the association between personality and cognition across adult lifespan, accounting for age and gender.
Methods
We examined the association between personality and cognition in two large samples (Sample 1: N = 422; Sample 2: N = 549) including young, middle aged and older adults. Participants completed personality scales and several cognitive measures related to reasoning, language, memory and speed of processing. Structural equation modelling was applied in order to investigate associations between personality and cognition, and moderation of age and gender within this relationship. We also conducted a mini‐metanalysis procedure in order to examine personality‐cognition associations, combining results from the two samples.
Results
Openness was the main trait associated with cognitive performance; however, extraversion, conscientiousness and neuroticism were also independently associated with cognition. Age and gender did not consistently moderate personality‐cognition in each sample, but the mini‐metanalysis showed that gender moderated conscientiousness‐cognition associations.
Conclusions
We provided robust evidence of personality‐cognition associations across the adult lifespan, which was not consistently moderated by age, but in part by gender.