Infographics (4,766 posts)

World Psychiatry. 2009 June;8(2):75-81.

To experience self-stigma, the person must be aware of the stereotypes that describe a stigmatized group (e.g., people with mental illness are to blame for their disorder) and agree with them (that’s right, people with mental illness are actually to blame for their disorder).

Perspect Psychol Sci. 2009 July 1; 4(4): 326–339.

In the mechanistic linear model, Psychological Process A localized in Brain Area 1 causes the separate and distinct Psychological Process B localized in Brain Area 2, and so on.

Am J Public Health. 2009 October; 99(Suppl 2): S432–S438.

Solid lines represent statistically significant direct effects of the regression of each mediator (i.e., psychological distress; risky sexual situations) onto childhood sexual abuse, experiences of childhood homophobia, and experiences of adult homophobia. Dashed lines represent statistically significant indirect effects, which are the regressions of risky sexual behavior onto childhood sexual abuse, experiences of childhood homophobia, and experiences of adult homophobia through (a) psychological distress, (b) risky sexual situations, or (c) psychological distress and risky sexual situations. Dashed lines that cross an intermediary variable (i.e., psychological distress; risky sexual situations) include that variable as a mediator.

Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2006 August; 15(4): 188–192.

Lines are plotted for 1 standard deviation above and one standard deviation below the sample mean on neighborhood social disorder; the y-axis is labeled in standard deviation units.

Biol Psychiatry. 2009 March 1; 65(5): 374–382.

Mean heart rate in the 6-second resting interval prior to script onset for control, circumscribed social phobia, generalized social phobia without comorbid depression, and generalized social phobia with comorbid depression groups. Error bars refer to standard error of the mean.

J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010 February; 19(1): 19–25.

J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2009 March; 64B(2): 234–246.

Dotted lines indicate hypothesized indirect relationships (i.e., perceived social support is hypothesized to mediate the relationship of built environment variables to psychological distress).

Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008 December; 9(12): 947–957.

Recent data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication study55, 57, a nationally representative epidemiological survey of mental disorders, suggest that about half of the population fulfill criteria for one or other psychiatric disorders in their lifetimes. The majority of those with a mental disorder have had the beginnings of the illness in childhood or adolescence. Some anxiety disorders such as phobias and separation anxiety and impulse-control disorders begin in childhood, while other anxiety disorders such as panic, generalized anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder, substance disorders and mood disorders begin later, with onsets rarely before early teens. Schizophrenia typically begins in late adolescence or the early twenties, with men having a somewhat earlier age of onset compared to women56. Psychiatric disorders with childhood or adolescent onsets tend to be more severe, are frequently undetected early in the illness, and accrue additional co-morbid disorders especially if untreated. It is therefore critical to focus efforts on early identification and intervention.

Technically, the recession that began in December 2007 ended in June 2009 as the economy began growing again. But, the pace of growth has not been strong enough to reduce the unemployment rate, which rose far higher than in the previous two recessions and far faster than (though not quite as high as) in the deep 1981-82 recession.

Schizophr Res. 2009 May; 110(1-3): 59–64.

Cognitive appraisal of stigma-related stress and its predictors (part 1, adapted from Major and O’Brien, 2005). Stress predictors consist of public and personal factors (left margin of Figure 1). Ingroup perception (lower left corner of Figure 1) refers to how individuals with mental illness perceive their ingroup, that is the group of people with mental illness; more specifically, how individuals value their ingroup (group value), how strongly they feel attached to it (group identification) and whether they perceive their ingroup as a coherent unit in society (entitativity).

Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2009 August 1; 18(4): 200–204.

The red arrows represent continuity from early childhood to adulthood, and the blue arrows represent proposed causal pathways. As shown in the lower portion of the model, maternal depression is a well-known predictor of youth depression; depression during adolescence in turn predicts recurrence of depression in many youth and is hypothesized to predict becoming a depressed parent, especially in females. The upper portion of the model shows the intergenerational transmission of stress in families of depressed parents, from early childhood through the transition to adulthood. Stress and depression in the youth are reciprocally related. Interpersonal dysfunction in childhood is hypothesized to be a mediator of the link between both early stress exposure and maternal depression and the two outcomes of adolescent stress and depression.

pewresearch.org

A 45%-plurality opposes the recently passed health care legislation, but it’s difficult to say Americans fear socialized medicine when so many are against making changes to Medicare.

www.cbpp.org

“Many low-income families living in public housing have to cope with crumbling ceilings, faulty plumbing, and other unmet repair needs, the New York Times reported Monday.

Just a third of Democrats believe that compared with recent Congresses, the current Congress has accomplished more than usual.