This 119-page report is Human Rights Watch’s first major report on Japan since the launch of its Tokyo office in April 2009. The report examines the alternative care system’s organization and processes, problems found in the institutionalization of children and infants, and abuses that take place. It also considers the difficulties many children experience when they leave alternative care, and outlines problems with foster care. Finally, Human Rights Watch examines the experience of orphans of the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in northeastern Japan.