What does recent research say about child care subsidies? This literature review summarizes recent research on topics related to child care subsidies with the intent to provide a foundation of empirical knowledge for state administrators, program developers, and policymakers as they choose among and implement subsidy policies. The three sections of the report include: descriptive information about subsidy use; a review of the literature addressing the association between subsidy receipt and intermediate outcomes (parents’ choice of high quality care and continuity of care with subsidized arrangements); and a discussion of the association between subsidy receipt and certain family and child outcomes. The report concludes with key questions to consider in developing or modifying policies, practices, and data systems; promising directions for future subsidy research; and insights from state administrators.