In this chapter I use sole parents in Australia as a focus to examine what it would mean to take a gendered, human rights approach to interpreting the international law right to social security. While this approach supports the ongoing provision of social security in the form of cash transfers as a safety net for immediate alleviation of income poverty, the human rights approach points to complementary measures that are also needed. Social security is to be understood as a right that requires the state to enable sole parents to undertake their caring roles but also protect themselves against ongoing poverty in all its dimensions. Cash assistance has been the primary form of support and is essential. But cash alone is not enough.