The early years of life are the best opportunity to lay the foundations for a child’s future. Based on a review of the international and Australian research evidence, this resource sheet identifies the characteristics of early learning programs that are effective in promoting developmental and learning outcomes. Sections include: Early learning programs in Australia; Australian families’ use of early learning programs; Early learning programs – effects on children’s learning and development; Universal and targeted early learning programs; Characteristics of effective early learning programs; and, Characteristics of effective early learning programs for Indigenous children. The resource sheet outlines what works, what doesn’t, and what further research is needed.