To better understand the controversies surrounding the diagnosis of mental disorders in children and recent increases in the use of medications to treat these disorders, The Hastings Center, with a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health, conducted a series of five workshops over the course of three years that brought together clinicians, researchers, scholars, and advocates from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds with widely diverse views. The first and last workshops considered the controversies generally, while each of the middle three workshops considered the debates in the context of one diagnosis—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, and bipolar disorder, respectively.