Background: Digital recruitment methods offer opportunities to address challenges in clinical research participation, particularly in neurology. However, the impact of digital approaches across socioeconomic and demographic groups remains inadequately understood. Objective: This study investigates the influence of sociodemographic factors on recruitment and attrition in a remote neurological research cohort, mapping participation pathways and identifying disparities to inform inclusive digital strategies. Methods: We conducted a nonexperimental, observational longitudinal cohort study at Mayo Clinic using patient-portal invitations between March and July 2024 as part of a remote speech capture study. Eligibility criteria included age 18 years and older, US residence, and English proficiency. Of 5846 invited patients, progression was tracked across checkpoints (invitation, eligibility screening, electronic consent, and task completion) using Epic (Epic Systems Corporation) to obtain demographic information, Qualtrics (Qualtrics, LLC) for screening, PTrax (a Mayo Clinic–developed Participant Tracking System) for consent tracking, and the recording platform. Socioeconomic context was assessed using the Housing-based Socioeconomic Status (HOUSES) index, where higher values indicate higher socioeconomic status, and the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), where higher values reflect greater neighborhood disadvantage. Data diagnostics included Anderson-Darling tests for non-normality and Little missing completely at random (MCAR) test to characterize missingness. Associations between participation outcomes and age, sex, urbanicity, and socioeconomic indices were examined using nonparametric tests. Exact values and 95% CIs are reported. Analyses were conducted using BlueSky Statistics (BlueSky Statistics, LLC) and the Python package. Results: Overall, 415 out of 5846 participants (7.1%) completed all study requirements. Completers were older (median age 66.4, IQR 56.0-72.5; 95% CI 65.1‐67.6 years) than noncompleters (median age 62.8, IQR 47.5-72.7; 95% CI 62.2‐63.2 years; <.001 participants from more socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods were less likely to respond nonresponder median adi iqr vs interested and completers had slightly lower ranks than noncompleters urban enrolled faster ci days rural female responded slower males no significant differences observed for the houses index device type was unrelated completion or timelines. missingness key variables completely at random conclusions: digital recruitment does not overcome traditional barriers participation may introduce new disparities related age urbanicity neighborhood disadvantage. these findings inform inclusive research strategies including multichannel outreach age-specific engagement technical support. this study applies longitudinal pathway analysis neurology offering actionable insights improving inclusivity in remote research.>