Abstract
Aim
The aim of this study was to look for factors protecting from developing severe premenstrual symptoms in high risk individuals. We tested if sense of coherence, mindfulness skills and self-compassion moderate the relationship between trauma and increased perceived stress and the symptoms of premenstrual disorders (premenstrual syndrome [PMS] and premenstrual dysphoric disorder [PMDD]).
Methods
The study comprised two stages with a retrospective (N = 228) and a prospective (N = 90) measures of premenstrual symptoms. Correlation and moderation analyses were performed.
Results
All variables were significantly correlated. Self-compassion, four out of five mindfulness skills, and sense of coherence (albeit, in the case of the retrospective measure, only two of its components) moderated the relationship between stress and premenstrual disorders. Only two mindfulness skills moderated the effect of trauma on premenstrual symptoms (Non-Judging in the retrospective measure, Describing in the prospective part of the study).
Conclusions
These results suggest that a more understanding, mindful and compassionate attitude towards oneself may benefit individuals with severe premenstrual symptoms, especially in the face of increased stress. The findings may be used to improve the treatment of PMDD and PMS by including approaches and interventions aimed at increasing sense of coherence, self-compassion and mastering mindfulness skills.