ABSTRACT
Fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCAS) pose challenges for public administration and continuity of education services, particularly when state legitimacy is eroded or absent. Myanmar’s education landscape underwent a dramatic rupture following the 2021 military coup, creating one of the world’s most complex environments for coordinating education aid. This brief report synthesises field-level evidence from 2021 to 2025 to examine how international donors, UN agencies, civil society organizations, and ethnic education systems constructed adaptive coordination solutions amid political instability, insecurity, and institutional fragmentation. The report highlights key mechanisms, including the Joint Response Framework (JRF), which enabled sustained engagement with global education funds despite the collapse of formal state-led structures. Challenges included fragmented governance, data inconsistency, limited subnational coordination, and the exclusion of localized actors. Opportunities emerged through structured pluralism, inclusive representation, and harmonized monitoring and learning systems. Insights from Myanmar offer practical lessons for strengthening coordination, neutrality, and resilience in FCAS.