Emotion, Vol 26(5), Aug 2026, 1093-1106; doi:10.1037/emo0001639
Past research has shown that facial expressions of happiness are recognized faster than negative expressions such as anger. This happy face advantage is influenced by facial social category cues; it is larger for faces that are female, young, or represent an ethnic ingroup. The phenomenon of the happy face advantage as well as the influence of social cues on recognition of happy expressions is best explained by the evaluative congruence account. This account holds that more positively evaluated expressions are recognized faster in positive contexts (including on positively evaluated faces). The evaluative congruence account also predicts that similar recognition advantages should emerge for other positive expressions, not just for happiness. This prediction was tested across three experiments. Undergraduate student participants were asked to recognize positively and negatively evaluated surprise versus anger expressions (Experiments 1 and 2) or happiness, pride, and awe versus anger expressions (Experiment 3) on female and male faces as quickly and accurately as possible. Consistent with the predictions of the evaluative congruence account, expressions of surprise, happiness, pride, and awe were recognized faster than expressions of anger on female faces, whereas a similar recognition advantage was smaller or absent on male faces. In line with the evaluative congruence account, these findings indicate that the happy face advantage may be a special case of a broader positive facial expression advantage in speeded expression recognition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved)