This study investigates the vulnerabilities arising from refugees’ legal and social status in Türkiye, focusing on barriers to accessing social assistance, care, protection, and shelter services. Using an intersectionality framework, it examines how overlapping identities and systemic obstacles compound refugees’ marginalization and exacerbate their vulnerabilities within social service provision. This study employs a phenomenological approach within qualitative research to explore the experiences of professionals working with refugee populations in Türkiye. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with thirty-three professionals selected via purposive and snowball sampling methods across six different cities in Türkiye. Three main themes emerged through thematic analysis of the qualitative data. The findings show that refugees’ access to services in Türkiye is shaped by legal status, nationality, gender, age, and disability, resulting in unequal access to rights. Despite the expansion of social assistance mechanisms, structural barriers persist; additionally, social assistance programs lack an intersectional approach and remain largely family-oriented. Furthermore, fragmented and limited provision of care, protection, and shelter services further deepens vulnerability, particularly among women, children, persons with disabilities, and older refugees.