ABSTRACT
Gypsy, Roma, and Traveller communities experience stark health inequalities in the UK, including reduced life expectancy and limited-service access. Ethnic monitoring within the National Health Service is promoted as a tool to identify and address such inequalities, yet how these communities experience such practices remains underexplored. Drawing on 11 co-produced focus groups with 86 self-identified Gypsy, Roma, and Traveller participants across the UK, this article examines perceptions surrounding ethnic monitoring. Using Bourdieu’s concepts of field, habitus, symbolic violence and social capital, alongside intersectionality, we reveal how disclosure of ethnicity is simultaneously desired as recognition and feared as potential stigmatisation. Participants reported identity concealment, inadequate categorisation, racism, gendered and cultural barriers and literacy and digital exclusions, while also expressing desire for visible signs of respect and cultural recognition. Ethnic monitoring emerges not as a neutral administrative practice, but as a contested site where power differentials are reproduced. Only if reframed as a practice of recognition and justice, supported by inclusive categories, cultural competence and genuine partnership with Gypsy, Roma, and Traveller organisations, can ethnic monitoring contribute to health equity.