Tuberculosis (TB) has only recently been officially recognized as a top 10 cause of age under-5 mortality globally.1 The vast majority of the 216 000 children who die each year from TB are never diagnosed with TB.2,3 TB often presents differently in children than adults, and microbiological tests have low sensitivity in children,4 making case detection a major problem. Therefore, identifying efficient screening algorithms to find children with TB disease is both important and challenging.