Abstract
Background
Little is known about the association between marital status and long-term outcomes of patients hospitalized with heart failure (HF). We aimed to examine the association between marital status and early as well as long-term outcomes of patients hospitalized with HF.
Method
We analyzed data of 4089 patients hospitalized with HF and were enrolled in the multicenter national survey in Israel between March and April 2003 and were followed until December 2014. Patients were classified into married (N = 2462, 60%) and unmarried (N = 1627, 40%).
Results
Married patients were more likely to be males, younger, and more likely to have past myocardial infarction and previous revascularization. Also, they tended to have higher rates of diabetes mellitus (DM) and dyslipidemia, as well as smokers. Survival analysis showed that unmarried patients had higher mortality rates at 1 and 10 years (33% vs. 25%, at 1 year, 89% vs. 80% at 10 years, all p < 0.001). Consistently, multivariable analysis showed that unmarried patients had independently 44% and 35% higher risk of mortality at 1- and 10-year follow-up respectively (1-year HR = 1.44; 95%CI 1.14–1.81; p = 0.002, 10-year HR = 1.35; 95%CI 1.19–1.53; p ≤ 0.001). Other consistent predictors of mortality at both 1- and 10-year follow-up include age, renal failure, and advanced HF.
Conclusions
Being unmarried is independently associated with worse short- and long-term outcomes, particularly among women. Thus, attempts to intensify secondary preventive measures should focus mainly on unmarried patients and mainly women.