Psychological capital (PsyCap), which provides a new outlook on the fields of human resources and organizational behavior, is the entirety of positive and improvable features of an individual. An employee’s PsyCap can be positively or negatively affected by a social worker’s perceptions and beliefs. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of PsyCap on the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of health care personnel. Data collection was performed through a survey of 501 health care personnel at a public university hospital in Turkey. Structural equation modeling (path analysis) was conducted to test the hypotheses. As a result of the analyses, it was determined that PsyCap positively affects job satisfaction and organizational commitment. In addition, subdimensions of PsyCap—optimism and hope—positively affected job satisfaction, whereas optimism had a positive effect on organizational commitment.