Abstract
Purpose
A variety of studies suggest the existence of a distinct phenotype of somatic depression, i.e., depression accompanied by
significant somatic symptomatology. Previous research suggests that the gender difference in the prevalence of depression
is primarily due to a difference in somatic depression. The aim of this study was to compare the gender difference in the
prevalence of somatic depression and of depression not accompanied by significant somatic symptomatology (labelled “pure”
depression) in two representative samples, the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication (NCS-R) and the Zurich Study.
significant somatic symptomatology. Previous research suggests that the gender difference in the prevalence of depression
is primarily due to a difference in somatic depression. The aim of this study was to compare the gender difference in the
prevalence of somatic depression and of depression not accompanied by significant somatic symptomatology (labelled “pure”
depression) in two representative samples, the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication (NCS-R) and the Zurich Study.
Method
The gender difference in lifetime somatic depression was compared to that of pure depression based on analyses weighted back
to the general population in two representative samples. The NCS-R analyses involved a narrow definition of somatic depression
with items from the DSM criteria for depression—appetite, sleep, and fatigue. The analysis of the Zurich study added headaches,
body image issues, and breathing difficulties to the criteria and comparison to atypical depression.
to the general population in two representative samples. The NCS-R analyses involved a narrow definition of somatic depression
with items from the DSM criteria for depression—appetite, sleep, and fatigue. The analysis of the Zurich study added headaches,
body image issues, and breathing difficulties to the criteria and comparison to atypical depression.
Results
In both samples, the gender difference in depressive prevalence was due to a large difference in somatic depression with other
phenotypes showing little or no gender difference. The gender differences were found to be due to the somatic symptoms rather
than the number of symptoms and were much larger for somatic than for atypical depression.
phenotypes showing little or no gender difference. The gender differences were found to be due to the somatic symptoms rather
than the number of symptoms and were much larger for somatic than for atypical depression.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Paper
- Pages 1-7
- DOI 10.1007/s00127-012-0540-7
- Authors
- B. Silverstein, Department of Psychology, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- T. Edwards, Department of Psychology, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- A. Gamma, Research Unit, Zurich University Psychiatric Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- V. Ajdacic-Gross, Research Unit for Social and Clinical Psychiatry, Zurich University Psychiatric Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- W. Rossler, Department of General and Social Psychiatry, Zurich University Psychiatric Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- J. Angst, Research Unit, Zurich University Psychiatric Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Journal Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
- Online ISSN 1433-9285
- Print ISSN 0933-7954