Abstract
The overall objective of this study was to determine whether smoking during pregnancy is related to psychiatric disorders
in 4-year-olds while controlling for a wide range of potential confounding variables (i.e. parental anxiety, depression, personality
disorders, drug abuse, and socio-economic characteristics). Parents of a community sample of 4-year-olds (N = 995) residing in the city of Trondheim, Norway were interviewed using the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment, which includes
information on prenatal smoking. After adjusting for potential confounding variables using the propensity score, smoking during
pregnancy was found to increase the odds for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) OR = 2.59 (CI 1.5–4.34, p < 0.001), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) OR = 2.69 (CI 1.84–3.91, p = 0.02) and comorbid OR = 2.55 (CI 1.24–5.23, p < 0.001). Prenatal smoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for symptoms of ADHD and ODD independently
of each other, in 4-year-olds.
in 4-year-olds while controlling for a wide range of potential confounding variables (i.e. parental anxiety, depression, personality
disorders, drug abuse, and socio-economic characteristics). Parents of a community sample of 4-year-olds (N = 995) residing in the city of Trondheim, Norway were interviewed using the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment, which includes
information on prenatal smoking. After adjusting for potential confounding variables using the propensity score, smoking during
pregnancy was found to increase the odds for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) OR = 2.59 (CI 1.5–4.34, p < 0.001), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) OR = 2.69 (CI 1.84–3.91, p = 0.02) and comorbid OR = 2.55 (CI 1.24–5.23, p < 0.001). Prenatal smoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for symptoms of ADHD and ODD independently
of each other, in 4-year-olds.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Contribution
- Pages 1-10
- DOI 10.1007/s00787-012-0300-y
- Authors
- Lise Carol Ellis, NTNU Social Science, Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Turid Suzanne Berg-Nielsen, Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Stian Lydersen, Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Lars Wichstrøm, NTNU Social Science, Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Journal European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Online ISSN 1435-165X
- Print ISSN 1018-8827