Psychometric Properties of Osteoporosis Knowledge Tool and Self-Management Behaviours Among Malaysian Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Osteoporosis is a major growing public health problem and it is clear that much needs to be done to bridge the gap between
patients and practitioners. However, the educator must have a valid and reliable tool to evaluate the effectiveness of the
teaching and learning that are done. Osteoporosis Knowledge Tool (OKT) provides an important strategy for healthcare professionals
to start early intervention for patients who are at risk of osteoporosis. The aims of this study were to translate and examine
the psychometric properties of the Malaysian version of the Osteoporosis Knowledge Tool (OKT-M) among 250 type 2 diabetes
patients and to assess factors that affect diabetic patients’ osteoporosis knowledge. The OKT English version was translated
and validated using the internationally accepted and recommended methodology. The sensitivity and specificity of OKT-M was
calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The face and content validity showed acceptable results.
Internal consistency, test–retest reliability, mean difficulty factor and discriminatory power values were 0.72, 0.83, 0.47 ± 0.16
and 0.96, respectively. The cut-off point of the OKT-M to predict osteoporosis/osteopenia was 14 with optimal sensitivity
(84.1 %) and specificity (85.5 %). Regression analysis revealed that health belief, self-efficacy and some demographic data
had an impact on the OKT-M. The findings of this validation study indicate that the OKT-M is a reliable and valid tool with
good psychometric properties in the Malaysian setting. The OKT-M is an appropriate tool for application in clinical setting
to identify patients need for a bone health-promoting intervention regarding lifestyle behaviour changes.