Origins of Psychiatric Hospitalization in Medieval Spain

Specification of the earliest institution devoted primarily to the treatment of the mentally ill in the Western World remains
elusive. Uncertainty arises from limited documentation and gradual evolution of most candidate sites from hospices for the
poor, foreign, or homeless, or as clinical centers for the care of a range of persons with general medical and psychiatric
disorders. Plausible candidates identified in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries include Bethlem Asylum in
London. Much less often considered are two centers in medieval Spain: the Moorish Maristan at Granada (1365) and the Christian
Hospital of Our Lady Mary for Lunatics, the Insane and Innocents at Valencia (1409). Since the early Spanish sites are not
well known, we have summarized available information concerning their foundation, facilities, theories and practices, as arising
from the cultural and political background of the times and regions.