Dismissing Children’s Perceptions of Their Emotional Experience and Parental Care: Preliminary Evidence of Positive Bias

The tendency to perceive caregivers in highly positive terms and to perceive the self as strong and problem-free are two facets
of the positive bias characteristic of a dismissing attachment classification in adulthood. However, this link has not yet
been examined in children. We evaluated the association between dismissing attachment and positive bias in school-aged children’s
reports of their own emotional experience and their parental care, hypothesizing that: (1) compared to secure children, dismissing
children would underreport their subjective distress relative to physiological indicators of distress, and (2) dismissing
children would report that their parents were warmer/more caring than would secure children. Ninety-seven children between
the ages of 8 and 12 completed the Child Attachment Interview, reports of maternal and paternal care, and a psychophysiological
threat paradigm. Compared to secure children, dismissing children reported less distress than their startle responses during
threat would suggest. In other words, dismissing children showed a greater divergence between subjective and physiological
emotional response. Dismissing children rated their parents as warmer and more caring as compared to secure children’s ratings.
Results provide support for the association between dismissing attachment and inflated positivity on child-report measures
of parental care and emotional experience. Implications of the study’s findings for attachment theory are discussed.