Dietary Supplement Use by Children and Adolescents in the United States to Enhance Sport Performance: Results of the National Health Interview Survey

Dietary supplements may improve sport performance in adults. However, this has not been established in children. The aim of
this study was to assess self-reported or parental-reported dietary supplement use to enhance sports performance among the
child subset of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) dataset and determine national population estimates for that use.
NHIS 2007 Child Alternative Medicine files containing records for children aged <18 years were used. Typical demographic variables
were utilized as well as parental presence; parental education level; use of any herb, vitamin, and/or mineral use for sports
performance by children; and age. Most (94.5%) who reported using supplements used multivitamin and/or mineral combinations
followed by fish oil/omega-3 s, creatine, and fiber. Males were more likely users (OR = 2.1; 95% CI [1.3, 3.3]), and Whites
reported greater usage. Mean user age was 10.8 (SD = 0.2) with 57.7% >10 years, indicating some increase in use with higher age categories (p < .001). Most were US born and reported living with both parents. Parents and children report child use of a wide variety
of herbal and vitamin/mineral supplements to improve sports performance. Usage could be predicted by age, gender, and level
of education but less likely by parent-based demographics.