Stress Generation and Adolescent Depression: Contribution of Interpersonal Stress Responses

This research examined the proposal that ineffective responses to common interpersonal problems disrupt youths’ relationships,
which, in turn, contributes to depression during adolescence. Youth (86 girls, 81 boys; M age = 12.41, SD = 1.19) and their primary female caregivers participated in a three-wave longitudinal study. Youth completed a measure assessing
interpersonal stress responses; youth and caregivers completed semi-structured interviews assessing youths’ life stress and
psychopathology. Consistent with the hypothesized model, ineffective stress responses (low levels of effortful engagement,
high levels of involuntary engagement and disengagement) predicted the generation of subsequent interpersonal stress, which
partially accounted for the association between stress responses and depression over time. Moreover, results revealed that
self-generated interpersonal, but not noninterpersonal stress, predicted depression, and that this explanatory model was specific
to the prediction of depression but not anxiety. This research builds on interpersonal stress generation models of depression,
and highlights the importance of implementing depression-focused intervention programs that promote effective stress responses
and adaptive interpersonal relationships during adolescence.