Spirituality Development for Homeless Youth: A Mindfulness Meditation Feasibility Pilot

Few resilience enhancement interventions are available to help homeless youth at high risk for mental health problems and
substance abuse. Mindfulness meditation has demonstrated effectiveness in persons who deal with some of these issues. Our
purpose was to examine the feasibility of delivering a spirituality development class—a minimally modified version of Yale
University’s 8-session Spiritual Self-Schema (3-S) program—to homeless youth in a shelter in an urban center in the Southeastern
United States. We used a quasi-experimental, one group, pre- and post-intervention design with standardized self-report measures
of impulsiveness, resilience, spirituality, mental wellness, and psychological symptoms. Seventy-one youth enrolled in the
study; 39 of the youth attended at least four sessions of the class and completed the posttest. The spirituality development
class was well received by the youth and, overall, participants demonstrated improvement on measures of spirituality, mental
wellness, psychological symptoms, and resilience on the posttest. There were no statistically meaningful changes in impulsiveness
scores. We concluded that mindfulness meditation programs are feasible for this population. Future studies of high-risk youth
should use a randomized controlled trial design to examine the long-term impact of such training on psychological status and
behavioral outcomes such as educational path, work attainment, and drug and alcohol abuse.