Abstract
Celiac Disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disease dependent on gluten (a protein present in wheat, rye or barley) that occurs
in about 1% of the population and is generally characterized by gastrointestinal complaints. More recently the understanding
and knowledge of gluten sensitivity (GS), has emerged as an illness distinct from celiac disease with an estimated prevalence
6 times that of CD. Gluten sensitive people do not have villous atrophy or antibodies that are present in celiac disease,
but rather they can test positive for antibodies to gliadin. Both CD and GS may present with a variety of neurologic and psychiatric
co-morbidities, however, extraintestinal symptoms may be the prime presentation in those with GS. However, gluten sensitivity
remains undertreated and underrecognized as a contributing factor to psychiatric and neurologic manifestiations. This review
focuses on neurologic and psychiatric manifestations implicated with gluten sensitivity, reviews the emergence of gluten sensitivity
distinct from celiac disease, and summarizes the potential mechanisms related to this immune reaction.
in about 1% of the population and is generally characterized by gastrointestinal complaints. More recently the understanding
and knowledge of gluten sensitivity (GS), has emerged as an illness distinct from celiac disease with an estimated prevalence
6 times that of CD. Gluten sensitive people do not have villous atrophy or antibodies that are present in celiac disease,
but rather they can test positive for antibodies to gliadin. Both CD and GS may present with a variety of neurologic and psychiatric
co-morbidities, however, extraintestinal symptoms may be the prime presentation in those with GS. However, gluten sensitivity
remains undertreated and underrecognized as a contributing factor to psychiatric and neurologic manifestiations. This review
focuses on neurologic and psychiatric manifestations implicated with gluten sensitivity, reviews the emergence of gluten sensitivity
distinct from celiac disease, and summarizes the potential mechanisms related to this immune reaction.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 1-12
- DOI 10.1007/s11126-011-9186-y
- Authors
- Jessica R. Jackson, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Box 21247, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
- William W. Eaton, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Nicola G. Cascella, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Alessio Fasano, Center for Celiac Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Deanna L. Kelly, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Box 21247, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
- Journal Psychiatric Quarterly
- Online ISSN 1573-6709
- Print ISSN 0033-2720