Ethnic and migrational impact on the clinical manifestation of depression

Depressive disorders are still underdiagnosed. Ethnic and cultural factors may influence the way depression is presented and
therefore contribute to problems in assessing these disorders in different ethnic populations appropriately. In this investigation,
the impact of both ethnicity and migration on the manifestation of depression was studied.

Three groups of depressed female patients (n = 136) were included in this investigation on the variation in depressive symptomatology by ethnic groups. Group 1 consisted
of Austrian patients living in Austria, group 2 were Turkish patients who had migrated to Austria and group 3 were Turkish
patients living in Turkey. Participants were rated using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Beck Depression
Inventory (BDI), the Bradford Somatic Inventory (BSI) and an additional list of physical symptoms.

Both Turkish groups had significantly higher BSI scores and more somatic symptom severity. Migrated Turkish patients scored
significantly higher in the items headache, backache and dry mouth than Turkish patients in Turkey. In addition, there were
between-group differences in non-physical symptoms.

Depressive symptomatology varies between ethnic groups. These differences are mainly due to ethnicity as such but migration
may play an additional role. It is essential for physicians to be aware of atypical presentation forms of depression in minority
groups.