Engaged or Connected? A Perspective of the Motivational Pathway of the Job Demands-Resources Model in Volunteers Working for Nonprofit Organizations

There is a paucity of research on volunteers compared with paid workers. The aim of this study is to examine the mediating
roles of work engagement and connectedness simultaneously in the motivational pathway of the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R)
model. Survey data were collected from 471 volunteer participants and analysed using structural equation modelling methods.
Contrary to expectation, the findings did not show that engagement mediates the relationship between job resources and volunteer
satisfaction (1), between job resources and determination to continue (2), and between job resources and health (3). The findings,
did however, show that connectedness mediates the relationship between job resources and volunteer satisfaction (4), between
job resources and determination to continue (5), and between job resources and health (6). These findings add support to the
motivational pathway of the JD-R theory to understand volunteer wellbeing and retention in health care organizations, but
suggest that the theory may be expanded to include connectedness as a mediator.