Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 30(6): 583-598 Clinical research has firmly established that individuals who experience psychological trauma during their childhood are likely to display psychological or functional disorders in adulthood. However, a significant number of adults with a history of trauma remain psychologically healthy. These individuals have been described as resilient. Although there has been much research on resilience in the past decades, the psychological processes involved are still debated. An important issue is whether resilience develops as a consequence of trauma (resilience as an outcome) or if resilience is a relatively common characteristic of many people that can emerge with or without traumatic experiences (resilience as a trait or ego-resiliency). In the present research, we propose an integration of these two perspectives by showing that ego-resiliency can play an important mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychological symptoms. A total of 118 outpatients at a psychology clinic completed questionnaires measuring their level of childhood trauma, ego-resiliency, anxiety, depression, and self-harm behaviors. Results revealed that ego-resiliency was a significant mediator of the relationship between childhood trauma and these three types of symptoms. Implications for the conceptualization of resilience as a trait are discussed.