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Development of the PICMIN (picture of mental illness in newspapers): instrument to assess mental illness stigma in print media

Abstract

Purpose  

The aim of this paper is to report on the development and applicability of a standardised and objective measure of stigma
of mental illness in print media. Picture of mental illness in newspapers (PICMIN) instrument consists of eleven descriptive
and five analytical categories. It is intended to allow comparison among countries and different studies over time.

Methods  

The research team conducted a three-phase study to develop the instrument based on the principles of content analysis and
test its inter-coder reliability (ICR). In the first phase, keyword search and ICR assessment was performed on articles from
Croatia (75), Czech Republic (203), and Slovakia (172). The second phase consisted of instrument revision and training, along
with ICR reassessment on 40 articles from USA and UK. In the third, main phase articles from Croatia (238), Czech Republic
(226), and Slovakia (158) were analysed with the final version of the PICMIN instrument.

Results  

Across three countries, ICR was found acceptable to assess mental illness representations related to stigma in print media.
Print media representations of the mental illness in Croatia, Czech Republic, and Slovakia significantly differed in the type
of media distribution, whether headline of the article was positioned on the media cover, in the use of a sensationalistic
style of writing, in the association of aggressive behaviour with persons with mental illness and in the distribution of the
global impression of the headline.

Conclusions  

PICMIN instrument allows comparison among countries and different studies over time.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • Pages 1-14
  • DOI 10.1007/s00127-011-0419-z
  • Authors
    • Tea Vukušić Rukavina, Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 4, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
    • Alexander Nawka, Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
    • Ognjen Brborović, Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 4, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
    • Nikolina Jovanović, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
    • Martina Rojnić Kuzman, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
    • Lucie Nawková, Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
    • Bibiána Bednárová, Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
    • Svetlana Žuchová, Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
    • Marie Hrodková, Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
    • Zuzana Lattová, Prague Psychiatric Center, Prague, Czech Republic
    • Journal Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
    • Online ISSN 1433-9285
    • Print ISSN 0933-7954
Posted in: Journal Article Abstracts on 08/05/2011 | Link to this post on IFP |
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