Abstract
Methods
The PCS was culturally adapted in accordance with international standards. The psychometric testing included factor analysis,
reliability by internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and test–retest repeatability (intraclass coefficient correlations),
and concurrent validity by comparing the PCS-I with a numerical rating scale (NRS), the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK),
the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Positive Affect
and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) (Pearson’s correlation).
reliability by internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and test–retest repeatability (intraclass coefficient correlations),
and concurrent validity by comparing the PCS-I with a numerical rating scale (NRS), the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK),
the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Positive Affect
and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) (Pearson’s correlation).
Results
It took 4 months to develop an agreed version of the PCS-I, which was satisfactorily administered to 180 subjects with chronic
low back pain. Factor analysis revealed a three-factor 13-item solution (68% of explained variance). The questionnaire was
internally consistent with one exception (α = 0.92 as a whole; 0.89 for Helplessness, 0.87 for Rumination and 0.56 for Magnification
subscales) and showed a high degree of test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.842). Concurrent validity showed moderate correlations
with the NRS (r = 0.44), TSK (r = 0.59), RMDQ (r = 0.45), HADS (Anxiety: r = 0.57; Depression r = 0.46) and PANAS (Negative Affect r = 0.54). The minimum detectable change was 10.45. The subscales were also psychometrically analysed.
low back pain. Factor analysis revealed a three-factor 13-item solution (68% of explained variance). The questionnaire was
internally consistent with one exception (α = 0.92 as a whole; 0.89 for Helplessness, 0.87 for Rumination and 0.56 for Magnification
subscales) and showed a high degree of test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.842). Concurrent validity showed moderate correlations
with the NRS (r = 0.44), TSK (r = 0.59), RMDQ (r = 0.45), HADS (Anxiety: r = 0.57; Depression r = 0.46) and PANAS (Negative Affect r = 0.54). The minimum detectable change was 10.45. The subscales were also psychometrically analysed.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Brief Communication
- Pages 1-6
- DOI 10.1007/s11136-011-0007-4
- Authors
- Marco Monticone, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Institute of Care and Research (IRCCS), Scientific Institute of Lissone, Via Monsignor Bernasconi 16, 20035 Lissone, MI, Italy
- Paola Baiardi, Scientific Institute of Pavia, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation IRCCS and Consorzio Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Silvano Ferrari, Manual Therapy Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Calogero Foti, Chair of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Raffaele Mugnai, Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Nephrology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Paolo Pillastrini, Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Nephrology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Barbara Rocca, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Institute of Care and Research (IRCCS), Scientific Institute of Lissone, Milan, Italy
- Carla Vanti, School of Physiotherapy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Journal Quality of Life Research
- Online ISSN 1573-2649
- Print ISSN 0962-9343