Although preventable, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains a leading global cause of death and disability. Despite, or rather because of, major improvements in survival after myocardial infarction and stroke, the prevalence, burden, and costs of the disease continue to rise. In high-income countries, cardiovascular disease is the most costly disease—more costly than all cancers combined. Furthermore, sudden and unexpected death is still a common first manifestation of cardiovascular disease.