In The Lancet, E Robert Greenberg and colleagues present an Article about the efficacy of three different therapeutic regimens for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in several Latin American countries. A large sample of adults with symptomatic and asymptomatic disease was studied. Besides aiming to identify the best therapeutic regimen, the study also served as a preliminary step to support future programmes of gastric cancer prevention in the Latin American population. Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer in this region () and is the leading cause of cancer mortality among males in many Latin American countries.