Brief Report: Perceptual Load and the Autism Spectrum in Typically Developed Individuals

A fundamental task of the cognitive system is to prioritize behaviourally relevant sensory inputs for processing at the expense
of irrelevant inputs. In a study of neurotypical participants (n = 179), we utilized a brief flanker interference task while varying the perceptual load of the visual display. Typically,
increasing perceptual load (i.e., with greater numbers of search items) reduces interference from a competing peripheral distractor.
We show that individuals who score above average on the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) show stronger interference at high perceptual
load than individuals with below-average AQ scores. This is consistent with recent findings in individuals with autism spectrum
conditions, and supports the idea that the cognitive style of the autistic brain is reflected in a broader phenotype across
the population.