Adolescent Sexual Activity and the Development of Delinquent Behavior: The Role of Relationship Context

Despite the well-established association between adolescent sexual activity and delinquent behavior, little research has examined
the potential importance of relationship contexts in moderating this association. The current study used longitudinal, behavioral
genetic data on 519 same-sex twin pairs (48.6% female) divided into two age cohorts (13–15 and 16–18 years olds) drawn from
the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Analyses tested whether adolescent sexual activity that occurred in
romantic versus non-romantic relationships was associated with delinquency from adolescence to early adulthood, after controlling
for genetic influences. Results indicated that, for both younger and older adolescents, common underlying genes influence
both sexual behavior and delinquency. After controlling for these genetic influences, there was no within-twin pair association
between sexual activity and delinquency in younger adolescents. In older adolescents, sexual activity that occurred in romantic
relationships predicted lower levels of delinquency, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, whereas sexual activity in
non-romantic relationships predicted higher levels of delinquency. These results are consistent with emerging research that
suggests that the psychological correlates of adolescent sexual activity may be moderated by the social context in which this
activity occurs.