Category Archives: History
Initially formed by Buffalo businessmen to monitor the region's sizeable German population, by Fall 1917, the NFDL turned its attention to tackling the region's labor problems, developing an array of covert mechanisms designed to stop unionization and regain control over Buffalo's wartime labor market.
Historians have castigated the British medical profession for endorsing forcible feeding during the suffragette hunger strike campaigns of 1909 to 1914. This article reconsiders the importance of medical opposition to forcible feeding by closely analysing its agendas and, importantly, by positing that the medico-ethical debates sparked in that period set the stage for ethical discourses that have recurrently resurfaced ever since.
Two revolutionary drugs were introduced into psychiatry in the early 1950s for the treatment of agitated mental patients — reserpine and chlorpromazine. These drugs initiated the modern era of drug treatment for schizophrenia and other psychoses. Early research revealed that, although the pharmacological profiles of the two drugs overlapped considerably, they had different mechanisms of action.
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on 02/10/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
This article examines posthumanism and its relationship to humanism. First, it is argued that the term “posthumanism” relies upon an incomplete conception of humanism, and in a way that forecloses the possibility of looking to the humanist tradition for support.
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Tagged abd, blackwell, ingenium, issue, issue-journal, journal, online-version, posthumantimothy, prudence, publishing, sociologyearly, version
on 02/09/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
Smith College Sophia Smith Collection
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on 02/09/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
William Battie (1758)
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on 02/08/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
This article points to previously undetected evidence demonstrating that Herbert Hill, labor director of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) from the 1950s to the 1970s, informed for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) on his former political associates in the Socialist Workers Party (SWP).
As of spring 2011, 150 years have passed since the death of one of the most famous neurological patients of the nineteenth century. A Frenchman, "Monsieur Leborgne" also known by the nickname "Tan," was hospitalized due to an almost complete loss of speech.
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on 02/06/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
This article explores how very old people in Northern Norway supported life before economic modernization, from nineteenth-century census registrations and ethnographic sources. Very few lived alone.
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Tagged abstract-, before-economic, destitution, land, northern-norway, particular-risk, public-relief-, support, supported-life
on 02/05/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
Posted in History
on 02/05/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
Chilean Protest Murals Photograph Collection, Widener Library. Mural depicting a man and woman in a prison cell. Avenida Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile, ca. 1989. Andrés Romero Spethman, photographer.
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on 02/04/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
Google | Daniel Defoe
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on 02/03/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
Smith College Sophia Smith Collection | Boston Sunday Globe/G Vasquez Social theorist, welfare rights activist, and political science professor Frances Fox Piven was born in 1932 in Calgary, Alberta. Raised in New York, she was naturalized in 1953, the same year she received a BA in city planning from the University of Chicago. After receiving an MA (1956) and a Ph.D. (1962) from that institution, she moved to New York where she worked as a city planner and then as a research associate for one of the country's first antipoverty agencies, Mobilization for Youth (MFY) on New York's Lower East Side. In 1965 Piven and her MFY colleague Richard Cloward began a career of formulating the theoretical underpinnings of anti-poverty and welfare rights movements with the publication of a paper entitled "Mobilizing the Poor: How It Can Be Done" Personal note: I found Dr. Piven to be the most compelling presence I have ever encountered in a classroom.
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on 02/02/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
New Yorker At an Army research facility, a soldier given a powerful mind-altering drug said, “I feel like my life is not worth a nickel here.”
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Tagged cold war, general, interview, ketchum, links, lsd, nerve gas, new yorker, news, psycho-chemicals, resources
on 02/01/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
archives.bps.org.uk | University of Hull photographic services, Brynmor Jones Library Grace Rawlings: British Psychological Society D Thomas: Royal Medico Psychological Association (RMPA)
Harvey Stevens: Chair, American Committee American Assoc.on Mental Deficiency
Alan Clarke: Joint Secretary
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on 01/31/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
Google | Henry George
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on 01/30/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
Google | Stanford University Press
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on 01/29/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
The promise of scientific history and scientifically informed history is more modest today than it was in the nineteenth century, when a number of intellectuals hoped to transform history into a scientific mode of inquiry that would unite the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, and reveal profound truths about human nature and destiny.
The second chapter of Augustus’ lex Iulia de adulteriis coercendis entitles the Roman father – under specific, narrowly defined circumstances – to kill his adulterous daughter and her lover. This paper focuses on three aspects.
<br.Ruling for more than six centuries over lands that spanned three continents, the Ottomans developed a system of law enforcement that initially relied on fines collected by local agents. In the sixteenth century, much of the revenue from these fines went to the local officials in charge of identifying suspects and punishing criminals.
In 1946, the Veterans Administration, now the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), underwent extensive organizational and professional changes to accommodate the health care needs of veterans returning from World War Two.
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Tagged database-record, discuss-their, first, health, the-veterans, their-careers, these-changes, trainees-and
on 01/24/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
As life expectancy increases and the retirement in-come system contracts, households face an enormous challenge in ensuring a secure retirement. Working longer is often hailed as the best way to increase re-tirement incomes. But some suggest that more work by older persons reduces the job opportunities for younger persons.
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on 01/24/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
archives.bps.org.uk | N.V.Int.Persefoto Bureau, Amsterdam P.H.Kade University of Groningen, Netherlands 1926
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on 01/23/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
This paper traces the formation of the German “Gesellschaft für psychologische Forschung” (“Society for Psychological Research”), whose constitutive branches in Munich and Berlin were originally founded as inlets for alternatives to Wundtian experimental psychology from France and England, that is, experimental researches into hypnotism and alleged supernormal phenomena.
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Tagged article, gesellschaft, history, issue-journal, onlineopen, research, sciences, society
on 01/22/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
History of Psychology Centre In 1913 the first applied psychologist took up his post with the London County Council. His job was to assess children for special educational programmes and develop tools to identify children who may need alternative kinds of education. With this post, the profession of educational psychology was born. The numbers of educational psychologists have steadily grown over the subsequent hundred years and the practices, roles and functions that they adopt have similarly developed.
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Tagged books, bps, britain, cyril burt, education, general
on 01/21/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
BBC | Getty Images Lloyd George and Winston Churchill, 1915
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on 01/20/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
Prior to 1893, the Ontario government did not accept direct responsibility for the care of neglected and dependent infants. However, charitable infants’ homes received government grants for the infants and for their nursing mothers, and from 1874 were inspected annually or twice annually.
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Tagged abstract-, article, canada, declaration, homes, infants, justice, justice-department, public, sudbury
on 01/17/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
Thousands of letters proposing economic recovery plans were written by workers and by the public in general to the Roosevelt administration. A survey of the recovery plan letters indicates that almost all of the letters make sense from an economic point of view and that a large proportion made suggestions that had the possibility of having a positive effect on economic recovery.
While Canadian scholars have documented some of the beliefs and behaviours of student activists in the 1960s, little has been said of the ‘average’ Canadian university student.
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Tagged article, canadian, historical, issue-journal, journal, orientations, professor, publishing, record, sixties, sociologyearly, university
on 01/15/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
Shortly following the Second World War, and under the medical direction of ex-army psychiatrist T. F. Main, the Cassel Hospital for Functional Nervous Disorders emerged as a pioneering democratic ‘therapeutic community’ in the treatment of mental illness. This definitive movement away from conventional ‘custodial’ assumptions about the function of the psychiatric hospital initially grew out of a commitment to sharing therapeutic responsibility between patients and staff and to preserving patients’ pre-admission responsibilities and social identities.
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on 01/14/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
This article explores the peacock look in men’s fashion in the second half of the 1960s and the ways the style helped to reinvent the identities of white, middle-class, middle-age men.
In the summer of 1997, organized labor won a major strike against United Parcel Service. Staying out for just over two weeks, more than 185,000 members of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT) crippled UPS's operations, securing pay increases and more full-time positions as a result. At the time, observers widely predicted that the strike would lead to a revival of organized labor's fortunes, especially as it showed that American unions could still win public support.
Commentators on American culture have always been struck by the thinness of the country's social fabric. Tocqueville saw the young republic as a nation of strangers. Critics since have almost all feared for—or gloried in—the fragility of the bonds that have held us to one another.
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Tagged america, century, chief, class, england, friendship, king, missionary, modern, navigation, policeman
on 01/11/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
James Lorimer Halliday (1897–1983) pioneered the development of the concept of psychosocial medicine in Britain in the 1930s and 1940s. He worked in Glasgow, first as a public health doctor, and then as part of the corporatist National Health Insurance scheme.
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Tagged hans selye, journals, mental hygiene, psychosocial, rats, somatic disorders, stress, world war two
on 01/09/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
The aim of the paper is to present a new approach to the study of pre-modern children and childhood. By exploiting concepts of modern childhood studies, particularly socialisation and agency, we intend to shift the focus from 'childhood' and parental attitudes to children's own experience and action.
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Tagged about, advanced, help-contact, librarians, mobile, mobile-new, publication, publisher, researchers, subject
on 01/08/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
We analyzed patient records from two leading departments of academic psychiatry in Germany, those at Berlin and Jena, in conjunction with the contemporaneous medical literature. Treatment, which can be broadly classified into reward and punishment, suggestion, affective shock, cognitive learning, and physiological methods, was developed in the context of the emerging fields of animal learning and neurophysiology.
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Tagged battle, college, copyright, development, institute, london, military, oxford, psychiatry, published, research, world
on 01/07/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
At the end of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s, inflation in Israel exceeded 100 percent. Using the twenty percent samples of the 1972, 1983, 1995, and 2008 Israeli Census, we show that inflation had a substantial negative effect on the decision to marry.
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Tagged abstract-, anthropology, article, census, israel, israeli-census, jerusalem, sociology, university
on 01/06/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
This article details how the fund-raising efforts of Martin Luther King’s Southern Christian Leadership Conference in the wake of the 1963 Birmingham protests transformed the finances of the SCLC. Having struggled to sustain itself prior to 1963, the SCLC experienced a massive influx of donations.
From the second half of the 19th century, eugenics claimed the medical and social need to intervene in human reproduction. During National Socialism, 300,000–400,000 people in Germany were subjected to compulsory sterilization because they had psychological diseases, impairments and social behavioural problems, which were regarded as genetically determined.
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Tagged abstract-, author, d-52074-aachen, germany, geschichte, national, third, universit
on 01/04/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
Among television programs of the late 1960s Star Trek was somewhat anomalous in tackling philosophical and political themes, and in doing so in a consistently liberal voice. Its statements, however, reveal not only the highest aspirations of the period’s liberal project, but also the limitations and unresolved tensions of that approach.
Casual sex has become a cultural commonplace since it was named in the 1960s and later became associated with the US college sex phenomenon of “hooking up”.
Posted in History
Tagged article, blackwell, history, issue, issue-journal, king, online, publishing, sociology, sociologyearly, version
on 01/03/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
Although the compound adjective ‘psychosocial’ was first used by academic psychologists in the 1890s, it was only in the interwar period that psychiatrists, psychologists and social workers began to develop detailed models of the psychosocial domain. These models marked a significant departure from earlier ideas of the relationship between society and human nature.
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on 01/02/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
This article examines the use of “socially inadequate” as a label for the dependent poor in the United States, 1910–40. It analyses the dense meanings that were given to this term and the political significance that the label “socially inadequate” gained in relation to sterilization and immigration policy.
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Tagged article, dependency, issue, issue-journal, journal, online, publishing, sociologyearly, states, united, version
on 01/02/2013 | Link to this post on IFP
During the 1970s, San Francisco was often characterized as the “Gay Mecca” of the United States. While it's true that San Francisco was more supportive of the gay community during this period, this depiction often dismisses the problematic side of the increasing visibility of homosexuals.
This article investigates the contested boundaries of the political within the working-class movements in Leipzig and Lyon at the end of the Weimar Republic and during the Popular Front. What the appropriate issues and places of politics should be was a question that was highly contested among the organisations of the local working-class movements in both cities.
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on 12/31/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
LoC Prints and Photographs Division | Bloomberg This refugee family lost its home in 1932, joining the millions of Americans displaced by the Great Depression.
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Tagged board, chief, great, house, king, manhattan, philip-scranton, professor, society, unemployment
on 12/30/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
In writing about working-class activism, scholars frequently study labor organizations and workplaces from which African Americans have been mostly excluded. Consequently, the uniqueness of black labor activism is not captured and is often misinterpreted. This article posits that black fraternal organizations, specifically the Improved, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of the World (IBPOEW), offer an alternative site for studying black workers and their struggles for employment during the 1930s and 1940s.
This is a book of many voices, all of them telling an important story – the history of ‘the Lothian mental health users movement’ from the vantage point of the ‘users’. The speakers and authors stand in an important tradition – one dedicated to emancipation.
The research programme sketched out in the introduction of Transnational Psychiatries is important and timely. Too often, the editors claim, histories of psychiatry (and histories of medicine in general) have limited their scope to specific national contexts, despite the fact that physicians have always built and maintained international networks through which information, theories, practices and technologies have been disseminated.
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Tagged history, journal, policy, public, publication, published, reprints, reviews, society, supplements
on 12/27/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
The relationship between Communism and Americanism during the Popular Front period is now largely perceived as a positive one. By promoting the idea that Communism was an extension of specifically American political traditions, the argument runs, Communists were able to advance their participation in the unions and in a left-oriented cultural-political alliance with broad popular appeal. Against this perspective, this article . . .
In 1981 Spain had an outbreak of a previously unknown disease. It became known as ‘toxic oil syndrome’ and it not only caused many deaths but also involved an alarming range of symptoms, with many patients suffering from mental problems, which left many of the victims disabled.
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Tagged abstract-, albacete, author, faculty, gregoria-hern, nuniversity, psychiatric, toxic, university
on 12/24/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
Posted in History
Tagged archivo-hist, article, database, database-record, facultad, historical, history, psicolog, record, sources, universidad
on 12/23/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
The worldwide expansion of psychiatry as a science at times followed pathways already laid by Christian medical missions to cultures seen as disadvantaged by sponsors. Interracial contacts were one outcome, and racial issues gained visibility in psychiatric inquiry and treatment.
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Tagged american, american-south, college, lyman, medical, north, south, university, usa
on 12/22/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
In twentieth-century Australian criminal law a distinctive departure from the M’Naghten Rules developed as a critique of the discourse of reasoning and verdicts applying in the relevant English trials from the 1880s.
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Tagged abstract-, australia-mark, australian, author, capital, english, griffith, irresistible, messines, policing, security
on 12/20/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
This paper traces the conceptual history of hebephrenia from the late nineteenth century until it became firmly embedded into modern psychiatric classification systems. During this examination of the origins and the historical context of hebephrenia it will be demonstrated how it became inextricably linked with twentieth-century notions of schizophrenia.
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Tagged abstract-, author, first, german, hebephrenia, historical, kraam, nhs, trust, yorkshire, youth
on 12/19/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
Colombian intellectuals of the 19th century widely consulted scientific psychology in regard to their political, religious, and educational interests. Colombian independence from Spain (1810) introduced the necessity of transforming the former subjects into illustrious citizens and members of a modern state.
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Tagged apa, catholic, colombian, database-record, modern, psychology, spain, thomistic, thomists
on 12/18/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
Posted in History
on 12/17/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
This paper deals with families that lived on the North West coast of Estonia from 1870 to 1939. This period involved a successive transition to a monetary economy for the family farmer and an increasing need for cash to be able to pay rents and debts arising from land purchases. A farm perspective is used to show the complexity of effects of societal changes on the gender division of labour.
This paper discusses the participation of children in migration during the Viking Age. While the written evidence is limited, it, nonetheless, reveals the presence of children alongside the viking armies and their involvement in the acculturation process, especially older children.
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Tagged about, advanced, browse, featured-titles, mobile, publication, publisher, publishers, researchers, subject
on 12/15/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children
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on 12/14/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
This article outlines the progress made by Bishop Patrick Moran (1823–1895) in standardising doctrinal practices of Irish Catholic immigrants in New Zealand in the 1870s.
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on 12/12/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
Drawing on asylum admission records, casebooks, annual reports, and notebooks recording the settlement of Irish patients, this article examines a deeply traumatic and enduring aspect of the Irish migration experience, the confinement of large numbers of Irish migrants in the Lancashire asylum system in the late nineteenth century.
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Tagged bodies, century, county, emaciated, exhausted, famine, management, published, sarah-york, settlement
on 12/07/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
Evidence collected by Beck, Levinson, and Irons (2009) indicates that Albert B., the “lost” infant subject of John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner's (1920) famous conditioning study, was Douglas Merritte (1919–1925). Following the finding that Merritte died early with hydrocephalus, questions arose as to whether Douglas's condition was congenital, rather than acquired in 1922, as cited on his death certificate.
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on 12/06/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
Fifty years ago, the number of people diagnosed with depression was relatively modest. At present, by contrast, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that no less than one in ten Americans suffer from this condition, or well over thirty million. What is responsible for such a far reaching transformation?
This article analyses medical admissions to asylums via both case notes and other sources such as newspaper reports, revealing the responses of medical superintendents to their former colleagues and, in some cases, the judgements of practitioners on their institutional surroundings.
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Tagged article, england, history, humanities, keele, medical, oppenheim, public, staffordshire, tomkins, tomkins-keele, university
on 12/03/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
Most of them were relatively old women, single, and a quarter had children out of wedlock. Disease was prevalent, mortality was high and many of them had physical or psychological handicaps.
Posted in History
Tagged disease, dutch, family, female, institution, lower, published, state-labor, streets, university
on 12/03/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
Michael Staub's Madness is Civilization is about an era that ended just thirty years ago. Yet, the views it features seem as culturally distant from current psychiatric thought as do such topics as phrenology, neurasthenia or magnetism.
Vidal's ultimate goal in this ambitious, erudite and stimulating book is to overturn the myth that the discipline of psychology emerged in the nineteenth century by tracing its career within European intellectual history from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries.
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Tagged access, committee, history, medicine, oxford, public, publication, reprints, social, society, supplements
on 12/01/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
LoC | LC-USF34- 026933-D Arthur Rothstein
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on 11/30/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
Posted in History
on 11/29/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
The most important foci of social resistance to the dictatorship were the workers' organizations, the student and nationalist movements.
Potent antiretroviral drugs (ART) have changed the nature of AIDS, a once deadly disease, into a manageable illness and offer the promise of reducing the spread of HIV. But the pandemic continues to expand and cause significant morbidity and devastation to families and nations as ART cannot be distributed worldwide to all who need the drugs to treat their infections, prevent HIV transmission, or serve as prophylaxis.
Posted in History
Tagged abstract-, art, disease, historic, historical, history, hiv, michigan, nature, oxford, pandemic, university
on 11/27/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
This article looks at ideologies of motherhood within the welfare rights movement of the late 1960s and the anti-busing struggle of the early 1970s, primarily focusing on Boston.
LoC | LC-USF34- 082851-C John Collier
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on 11/25/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
Google Roy Lubove (1966)
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on 11/23/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
Ernest Simons Bishop (1920)
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on 11/22/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
By focusing on a wide range of topics such as urban utopias, tango lyrics, literature, physical education, and female clothing, alongside the emergence of a culture of hygiene, Armus asserts, ‘my intent is to show how the disease deeply affected and was affected by multiple spheres of life in modern Buenos Aires’
LoC | LC-USF34- 043887-D Jack Delano
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on 11/21/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
Most students enter introductory or abnormal psychology courses with a naively realist concept of what constitutes mental illness, and most textbooks do little to complicate this understanding. The tendency to reify the various diagnostic categories of the mental health disciplines into stable and independent illnesses is ever present.
Posted in History
Tagged and-statistical, article, critical-review, development, diagnostic, disorders, for-integrating, general, mental, statistical, understanding
on 11/19/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
From the Great Depression through the historic Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court ruling in 1954, the way that American teachers understood and taught about race in the classroom underwent a paradigmatic shift.
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Tagged article, black, brown, construction, depression, educational, race, social, university
on 11/18/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
This study examines the intergenerational transmission of fertility behavior in Saba, Dutch Caribbean from 1876 to 2004 using reconstituted genealogies.
The cinematographic skills of Wright and director Michael Hankinson, together with their reformist agenda, created a clinical presentation that emphasized achievements without acknowledging the limitations not only of the therapies offered by doctors but also the resources available to a nation at war.
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Tagged college, documentary, emergency, hospital, institute, knowledge, medical, national, oxford, service, university
on 11/16/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
This paper utilises the fragmentary child mortuary record of the Early Helladic Peloponnese to approach the social identity of children during this period.
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Tagged about-us, advanced, advanced-search, browse-publication, contact-us, help, librarians, mobile, pageshere-are, publishers, researchers, subject-publisher
on 11/14/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
Posted in History
Tagged american, gitrearticle, harry-stack, homosexuality, issue, journal, liberalism, practices, private, sciences, sullivan, university
on 11/13/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
Thomas Szasz: I present a brief overview of the history of psychiatric criticism, followed by a critique of modern objections to diverse psychiatric practices.
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Tagged annual-meeting, article, article-notes, author, california, psychology, society, thomas
on 11/12/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
This article explores the approach of dementia paralytica by psychiatrists in the Netherlands between 1870 and 1920 against the background of international developments.
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Tagged author, dutch, establishment, history, maastricht, netherlands, neurology, professional, university
on 11/11/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
Acknowledging the power of the id-drives, Freud held on to the authority of reason as the ego’s best tool to control instinctual desire. He thereby placed analytic reason at the foundation of his own ambivalent social theory, which, on the one hand, held utopian promise based upon psychoanalytic insight, and, on the other hand, despaired of reason’s capacity to control the self-destructive elements of the psyche.
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Tagged delhi, eduboston, enlightenment, freudian, freudianism, london, modernist, personal, postmodern, singapore, social, university
on 11/10/2012 | Link to this post on IFP
The paper tries to examine the intensity and possible influencing factors of remarriages in two distant communities of historic Hungary during the 19th century. It uses longitudinal data gained from parish registers and family reconstitution method and event history models for the analysis of remarriage.
