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The flexible, general and relatively autonomous nature of chatbots makes it difficult to be sure they will adhere to updates, says Nick Haber, an AI researcher and professor at Stanford University. For example, OpenAI had trouble reigning in earlier model GPT-4’s tendency to excessively compliment users. Chatbots are generative and build upon their past knowledge and training, so an update doesn’t guarantee the model will completely stop undesired behavior.