Abstract
Background
Black birthing people in the United States face disproportionately high risks and adverse experiences during childbirth compared to their White counterparts. These challenges are shaped by a complex interplay of factors across individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy levels.
Objective
This systematic review explores the lived experiences of Black birthing people in the United States, using the Social Ecological Model to identify and analyze factors contributing to disparities in Black birthing health experiences.
Methods
Eighteen qualitative studies, published between 2017 and 2024 and encompassing a sample of 570 participants, were systematically reviewed. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases between March and May 2024. Studies were selected based on stringent inclusion criteria, and thematic analysis was applied to identify recurring factors that shape Black birthing experiences in the United States.
Results
Key themes include personal health beliefs, psychological stress, medical distrust, interactions with healthcare professionals, family and peer influences, and the pervasive effects of systemic racism and healthcare policies. Together, these factors contribute to ongoing disparities in Black birthing healthcare experiences for Black birthing people in the United States.
Conclusion
The findings underscore the importance of culturally competent care, equitable healthcare policies, and strong community support systems in addressing the unique challenges faced by Black birthing people. Targeted interventions, policy reforms, and continued research are essential for improving Black birthing experiences and outcomes.
Impact.
This review provides crucial insights into the multifaceted challenges in Black birthing experience emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive practices, policy changes for equity, and strengthened community resources. These steps are vital for ensuring respectful, equitable, and supportive experiences for Black birthing people in the United States.